草原公路交叉口指路标志信息量对驾驶员认知特性影响分析

Analysis on the Cognitive Characteristics of Drivers by the Information of Guidance Signs on Grassland Highway Intersections

针对草原公路交叉口指路标志信息设置不合理的问题,根据调查设计7类不同信息条数指路标志,设置借助事件相关电位(event-related potential, ERP)及E-Prime相关设备,开展不同指路标志信息条数在60、80、100 km/h 3种速度下驾驶员脑认知模拟驾驶实验,分析选取失匹配负波(mismatch negativity, MMN)波幅值、P3b波幅值作为驾驶员脑力认知评价指标。结果表明:对3种速度下的驾驶员视认不同标志的MMN波幅值分析可知,60 km/h和80 km/h情况下设置指路标志信息条数为5、6、100 km/h条件下设置信息条数为3和4时,驾驶员大脑过滤无效信息的效率增加,可以有效提高驾驶员行车注意力;同样条件下,由驾驶员视认P3b波幅值分析知,60 km/h和80 km/h下设置指路标志信息条数为5、6、100 km/h条件下设置指路标志信息条数为3和4时,驾驶员同样不需要投入过多的脑力资源就能完成信息认知任务,信息决策能力增强,有利于在交叉口冲突点行车。

In view of the unreasonable setting of guidance signs information at the intersection of grassland highways,seven kinds of guidance signs with different information pieces were designed according to the investigation,and event-related potential(ERP)and E-Prime related equipment was used,the driver's brain cognitive simulation driving experiment was carried out under the three speeds of 60,80 and 100 km/h,and mismatch negativity(MMN)wave amplitude and P3b wave amplitude were analyzed and selected as the evaluation indexes of driver's brain cognitive.The results show that through the analysis of MMN amplitude values of different signs recognized by drivers at three speeds,it can be seen that when the number of guidance signs is 5 and 6 at 60 km/h and 80 km/h,and 3 and 4 at 100 km/h,the efficiency of filtering invalid information in the driver's brain increases,which can effectively improve the driver's driving attention.Under the same conditions,according to the analysis of P3b wave amplitude recognized by the driver,when the number of guidance signs set at 60 km/h and 80 km/h is 5 and 6,the number of guidance signs set at 100 km/h is 3 and 4,the driver can complete the task of information cognition without too much mental resources,and the information decision-making ability is enhanced,which is conducive to driving at the intersection conflict point.