黔南州地表水环境质量现状及影响因素分析

Analysis of the Current Situation and Influencing Factors of Surface Water Environmental Quality in Qiannan Prefecture

黔南布依族苗族自治州(简称黔南州)隶属于贵州省,地跨长江流域和珠江流域,河流纵横交错。本文采用断面水质评价、河流水质评价和污染物变化趋势定量分析(秩相关系数法)结合的方法,对2016—2021年黔南州地表水环境质量进行分析。结果表明,2016—2021年,黔南州主要河流总体水质状况优良(前4年为良好,后2年为优),水质优良率介于79%~100%,呈显著上升趋势,水质稳中向好。南面的珠江流域水质状况明显优于北面的长江流域。工业磷污染源的防治及城镇、农村生活污水收集与处理能力的提升使总磷和氨氮等污染物的浓度逐年下降,水环境质量显著改善并持续向好。

Qiannan Buyei and Miao Autonomous Prefecture(referred to as Qiannan Prefecture for short)is subordinate to Guizhou Province,which crosses the Yangtze River basin and the Pearl River basin,with rivers crisscrossing.This paper uses a combination of cross-sectional water quality evaluation,river water quality evaluation,and quantitative analysis of pollutant change trends(rank correlation coefficient method)to analyze the surface water environmental quality of Qiannan Prefecture from 2016 to 2021.The results show that from 2016 to 2021,the overall water quality of the main rivers in Qiannan Prefecture was excellent(good in the first four years and excellent in the last two years),with an excellent water quality rate ranging from 79%to 100%,showing a significant upward trend,and the water quality was stable and improving.The water quality of the Pearl River basin in the south is obviously better than that of the Yangtze River basin in the north.The prevention and control of industrial phosphorus pollution sources and the improvement of urban and rural domestic sewage collection and treatment capabilities have led to a decrease year by year in the concentration of pollutants such as total phosphorus and ammonia nitrogen,and water environment quality has significantly improved and continues to improve.