青海主要林区白粉菌物种多样性研究

Study on the species diversity of Erysiphales in the main forest areas of Qinghai

为明确青海森林植物白粉菌名录及区系特征,本研究对青海主要林区进行为期4年的调查采样,获得白粉菌标本625份,结合形态学和分子生物学方法鉴定白粉菌5族7属49种,9个寄主新记录,1个中国新纪录.其中白粉菌族(Erysipheae)和离壁壳族(Cystotheceae)为优势族,白粉菌属(Erysiphe)、单囊白粉菌属(Podosphaera)、高氏白粉菌属(Golovinomyces)为优势属.主要涉及寄主植物31科66属100种,寄主类群主要为菊科(Asteraceae)、蔷薇科(Rosace-ae)、豆科(Fabaceae)植物.生态成分分析结果表明:白粉菌在青海林区垂直分布明显,主要分布在中山针阔混交林中,共36种,占总种数的73.5%;其次分布在亚高山灌丛中,共31种,占总种数的63.3%.地理成分以世界广布型为主,共19种,占总种数的38.8%;其次为北温带型14种,占总种数的28.6%.区系亲缘关系与日本白粉菌区系相似,同时与甘肃、内蒙古白粉菌区系具有较高的相似性.本研究为青海白粉菌生物多样性研究提供了本底资料.

In order to clarify the list and floristic characteristics of Erysiphales in Qinghai,625 specimens are obtained after conducting a 4-year survey and sampling of major forest areas of Qinghai.By combining morphological and molecular biology methods,5 families,7 genera and 49 species of Erysiphales are identified with 9 new host records and 1 new record in China.Among them,Erysipheae and Cystothecae are the dominant families,while Erysiphe,Podospaera and Golovinomyces are the dominant genera.It mainly involves 31 families,66 genera and 100 species of host plants.The host groups are mainly Asteraceae,Rosaceae and Fabaceae.The results of ecological component analysis show that the vertical distribution of Erysiphales is obvious in the forest area of Qinghai,mainly distributed in the mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forest in needle broadleaf mixed forest zones,with a total of 36 species,accounting for 73.5%of total species;it is also distributed in subalpine shrubs with a total of 31 species,accounting for 63.3%of total species.The geographical composition is mainly the world-wide distribution type with a total of 19 species,accounting for 38.8%of total species.Next is the north temperate type with a total of 14 species,accounting for 28.6%of total species.The phylogenetic relationship of the flora is similar to that of the Japanese Erysiphales flora,which has high similarity with Erysiphales flora of Gansu and Inner Mongolia.This study provides background data for the study of species diversity of Erysiphales in Qinghai.