基于多源数据的东莞城市公共中心体系识别与形成机制研究

The Identification and Formation Mechanism of the Dongguan Urban Public Center SystemBased on Multi-Source Data

基于POI、手机信令、百度建筑等开源数据和传统土地利用数据等多源数据,运用核密度、空间自相关分析等方法全方位、全时态识别东莞城市公共中心体系的空间布局、功能等级和服娱腹地,并从空间形态和功能联系视角评估规划实施效果,最后从政策制度、外资投入、产业经济、土地要素和交通设施等因素探究形成机制。结果发现:1)运用多源数据综合识别东莞城市公共中心体系的技术方法有效、准确且实用,东莞中心体系已初步具有“形态多中心”和“功能单中心”的双重空间特征;2)规划对于东莞城市中心体系的构建具有一定的推动作用,但形态和功能方面的发育情况距规划均有一定差距;3)东莞城市中心体系是政府力与市场力多方博弈的结果,不单取决于政府政策制定、土地投放和设施建设,也与资本投入和产业转移息息相关。

Public center systems planning is of great significance in controlling and guiding the optimization of urban spatial structures,activating the efficiency of urban operations,and improving the quality of urban spaces and human living environments.However,most previous studies used a single data source and focused on identifying the physical space characteristics centered on traditional commercial and public service facilities,making it difficult to accurately measure the actual operational performance of public centers.Therefore,this study relied on multiple data sources to research Dongguan City in South China from multiple perspectives.The formation of Dongguan's central system was affected by two factors:the external force of the megacity region and the endogenous driving force of urban development.First,qualitative and quantitative calibration methods were used to identify the spatial patterns of public centers from the spatial morphological dimension in an all-round and all-temporal manner using Kernel Density Estimation(K)and the Getis-Ord G*i statistical method.Second,the functional hierarchy and service hinterland of centers at all levels were identified using the dynamic human activity links of the recreational population.Third,the effectiveness of planning implementation was evaluated from the perspective of spatial morphology and functional connection.Finally,starting from the factors of policy system,foreign investment,industrial economy,land factors,and transportation facilities,this study explored the formation mechanism of the center in a targeted manner,trying to provide a reference for the benign development of similar manufacturing cities.The results showed that:1)the technical method using multisource data such as POI,cell phone signaling,and Baidu building footprint and traditional land use data to identify the public center system was effective,accurate,and practical.Dongguan had initially formed a center system with dual spatial characteristics of"morphological polycentric"and"functional monocentric";2)the plan had a certain role in promoting the construction of the center system.However,the development in terms of morphology and function was somewhat different from the plan;3)the center system resulted from a multiparty game between the government and the market power.Thus,the center system depended on government policy formulation,land allocation,and facility construction and was closely related to capital investment and industrial transfer.Dongguan's urban public center system was important and highly correlated with the city's degree of industrial development.Therefore,this study included modern productive service elements in the center identification elements for the first time while focusing on extending the research object to the functional network of the Pearl River Delta megacity region,using the regional dynamic spatial movement trajectory of human flow to identify the distribution of urban center systems,and comprehensively defining the elements and technical methods of urban public center system identification,in an attempt to provide a reference for similar manufacturing cities.