原始崇拜影响下的传统村落信仰空间特征研究——以山西省平定县马山村为例

Research on the Spatial Characteristics of Traditional Village Beliefs Space under the Influence of Primeval Worship:A Case of Mashan Village in Pingding County,Shanxi Province

传统村落信仰空间是村民春祈秋报、迎神赛社的地方,承载了当地风情民俗,体现了传统生产生活方式。信仰建筑由全村合力建造,集中体现了当时社会的建造技艺与艺术水平。传统村落信仰空间在满足村民日常信仰活动的同时,也是村民制定乡规民约、进行公共交往的重要场所。文章以平定县传统村落马山村为例,通过实地调查、建筑测绘、碑刻拓写、居民走访等方式进行基础调研,分析了马山村信仰建筑选址特点和空间秩序营造,探讨了传统村落信仰空间与民生之间的联系,以及信仰在维持乡村社会的内在力量,找寻马山村最核心的内涵,避免发展过程中同质化的出现,以期为传统村落文化保护提供新思路。

The traditional village belief space is a place where villagers pray for spring and autumn reports and entertain the gods.It carries local folk customs,and reflects traditional production and lifestyle.The belief building was built by the whole village,reflecting the construction skills and artistic level of the society at that time.The traditional village belief space not only meets the needs of the villagers’daily belief activities,but also is an important place for the villagers to formulate township regulations and communicate with each other.Taking Mashan Village,a traditional village in Pingding County as an example,this paper conducts basic field investigation,cartographic survey,tablet inscription,and interviews with the residents.Meanwhile,this paper analyzes the site selection characteristics and spatial order construction of belief buildings in Mashan Village,discusses the connection between traditional village belief space and people’s livelihood,and the inherent power of belief in maintaining rural social,and finds the core connotation of Mashan Village to avoid homogenization in the development process.It aims to provide new ideas for the protection of traditional village culture.