城乡社区老年人感觉减退与轻度认知障碍的关联

Association between sensory decline and mild cognitive impairment in urban and rural community-dwelling older adults

目的:探讨城乡社区老年人感觉减退与轻度认知障碍(MCI)患病之间的关联。方法:数据来源于2018-2021年湖北老年记忆队列基线期数据,采用整群抽样方法选取湖北省大悟县和武汉市7046名65岁及以上的城乡居民,进行感觉减退评估、全套标准的神经心理评估以及临床体检,由专家小组参考Petersen的诊断标准对参与者进行MCI临床诊断。采用χ^(2)检验分析组间差异;多因素logistic回归模型分析感觉减退与MCI患病的关联。结果:MCI检出率为21.4%(95%CI=20.4%~22.4%),农村高于城市(39.8%vs.10.0%,P<0.05);与无感觉减退者相比,农村单一感觉减退(OR=1.26,95%CI=1.03~1.55)和双重感觉减退(OR=1.32,95%CI=1.08~1.63)的老年人患MCI的风险更高,城市老年人存在双重感觉减退(OR=1.45,95%CI=1.10~1.92)会增加MCI的患病风险。结论:65岁及以上社区老年人感觉减退与MCI患病有关,存在双重感觉减退的老年人可能是MCI预防的重点人群。

Objective:To explore the association between sensory decline and mild cognitive impairment(MCI)in urban and rural community-dwelling older adults.Methods:The data were collected from the 2018-2021 baseline data of the Hubei Memory and Ageing Cohort Study.The cluster sampling method was used to select 7046 urban and rural residents aged 65 years and above in Dawu County and Wuhan City,Hubei Province.The sensory decline assessment,complete set of standard neuropsychological assessment and clinical physical examination were carried out.The diagnostic expert group referred to Petersen′s diagnostic criteria to diagnose MCI.Chi-square test was used to analyze the differences between groups,and multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the correlation between sensory decline and MCI.Results:The detection rate of MCI was 21.4%(95%CI:20.4%-22.4%),higher in rural areas than in urban areas(39.8%vs.10.0%,P0.05).Compared with those without sensory decline,the rural older adults with single sensory decline(OR=1.26,95%CI=1.03-1.55)and double sensory decline(OR=1.32,95%CI:1.08-1.63)had a higher risk of MCI,and the urban older adults with double sensory decline(OR=1.45,95%CI:1.10-1.92)increased the risk of MCI.Conclusion:Sensory decline is associated with MCI in the community-dwelling older adults aged 65 years and over,and the older adults with double sensory decline may be the focus of MCI prevention.