免疫预防乙型肝炎病毒母婴传播与乙肝疫苗接种的价值

The Value of Immunization in Preventing Mother to Child Transmission of Hepatitis B Virus and Hepatitis B Vaccination

为探究免疫预防乙型肝炎病毒母婴传播与乙肝疫苗接种的价值,选取肃宁县人民医院2020年1月—2023年1月收治的220例乙肝表面抗原(Hepatitis B surface antigen,HBsAg)阳性孕妇与其新生儿作为研究对象,采用问卷的形式对孕妇乙肝免疫球蛋白(Hepatitis B immunoglobulin,HBIG)使用情况与新生儿免疫方式进行调查,同时对新生儿乙肝血清标志物进行检测。220例HBsAg阳性孕妇与其新生儿中,41例(18.63%)注射过HBIG,179例(81.37%)未注射过HBIG,单纯接种乙肝疫苗的例数为34例(15.45%),HBIG联合乙肝疫苗接种的例数为186例(84.55%)。注射组、未注射组的新生儿HBsAg阳性率分别为4.88%与3.35%,数据并无统计学意义(P>0.05);单纯组与联合组的新生儿HBsAg阳性率则分别为17.65%、2.69%,差异存在统计学意义(P<0.05)。研究发现,HBIG注射联合乙肝疫苗接种,可有效阻断乙型肝炎病毒的传播,进而降低新生儿感染率,临床实践意义突出。

To explore the value of immunization in preventing mother to child transmission of hepatitis B virus and vaccination against hepatitis B.The study subjects selected 220 pregnant women with positive hepatitis B B surface antigen(HBsAg)and their newborns who were admitted to Suning County People’s Hospital from January 2020 to January 2023.The use of hepatitis B immunoglobulin(HBIG)in pregnant women and neonatal immunization methods were investigated in the form of questionnaires,and neonatal hepatitis B serum markers were detected.Among 220 HBsAg positive pregnant women and their newborns,41(18.63%)had received HBIG,179(81.37%)had not received HBIG,34(15.45%)had received hepatitis B vaccine alone,and 186(84.55%)had received HBIG combined with hepatitis B vaccine.The positive rates of HBsAg in newborns in the injection group and non-injection group were 4.88%and 3.35%,respectively,with no statistical significance(P>0.05);The positive rates of HBsAg in newborns of the simple group and the combined group were 17.65%and 2.69%,respectively,with statistically significant differences(P<0.05).The study found that HBIG injection combined with hepatitis B vaccine can effectively block the spread of hepatitis B virus,thereby reducing the rate of neonatal infection,which is of great clinical significance.