美国生物经济发展战略的新动向、影响及我国对策

New Trends,Influences,and Countermeasures of American Bioeconomy Development Strategy

近年来,生命科学已成为前沿科研的关键领域,生物技术也逐渐深度融入医药、农业、能源、材料、化工等行业形成新兴的生物经济产业。为抢占生物经济发展制高点,美国拜登政府采用“全政府”运行机制,聚焦生物技术、生物制造和生物安全三大板块,兼顾“自强性”“专门性”“弱他性”三类政策工具,并辅之以“意识形态”和“价值观”手段,实施生物经济发展战略。在中美战略竞争和生物经济发展全球化的背景下,美国生物经济发展战略将对我国生物经济相关企业以及产业的发展造成风险挑战,一定程度上阻碍我国融入全球生物经济网络的步伐。对此,我国可以从优化政策规划、培育壮大企业、创新发展产业、探索中美合作路径以及布局全球“朋友圈”五个方面加以应对,实现自身生物经济高质量发展。

In recent years,life science has become a key field of frontier scientific research,and biotechnology is also gradually deeply integrated into medicine,agriculture,energy,materials,chemicals,and so on to form a new bioeconomic industry.In order to seize the development opportunities associated with the bioeconomy,the Bi-den administration has adopted a“whole-of-government”operating mechanism,focused on the three major sec-tors of biotechnology,biomanufacturing,and biosafety,utilized“self-improvement”,“specialization”,and“op-pressive”policy tools,supplemented by“ideology”and“values”approaches to implement bioeconomy develop-ment strategy.Under the background of Sino-US strategic competition and the globalization of bioeconomy,the US bioeconomy development strategy will pose risks and challenges to the development of bioeconomy-related en-terprises and industries in China,and will also hinder China's integration into the global bioeconomy network.In this regard,China can respond from five aspects:optimizing policy planning,cultivating and expanding enterpri-ses,innovating and developing industries,exploring the path of Sino-US cooperation,and deploying a global“circle of friends”to achieve high-quality development of its own bioeconomy.