中欧班列推动中国对外贸易高质量发展:理论逻辑、困境及路径

China Railway Express Promotes High-quality Development of China's Foreign Trade:Theoretical Logics,Dilemmas and Paths

在中国推进高水平对外开放和建设贸易强国背景下,中欧班列为维护国际产业链供应链稳定和助力中国对外贸易高质量发展增添了动能。文章首先从贸易规模、结构、动能、创新和安全等层面分析了中欧班列推动中国对外贸易高质量发展的理论逻辑;其次,分析了中欧班列推动中国对外贸易高质量发展取得的显著成效以及面临的关键通道“卡脖子”、去程回程“双向运输”结构不平衡、市场化运营机制不完善、规则标准对接有限、信息化数字化建设滞后、国际协作发展水平较低、外部市场不确定性和安全风险等内外部困境;最后,针对困境提出:中国应当立足“双循环”新发展格局,突破内外部发展困境,深化“设施联通”带动与“一带一路”沿线国家的“贸易畅通”,着力推动中欧班列贸易通道高质量发展,实现更高合作水平、更高供给质量和更高发展韧性目标,进一步赋能中国对外贸易高质量发展。

In the context of China's efforts to open up to the outside world at a high level and build itself into a trade powerhouse,China Railway Express has added impetus to maintaining the stability of international industrial and supply chains and promoting the high-quality development of China's foreign trade.This paper firstly analyzes the theoretical logics of China Railway Express to promote the high-quality development of China's foreign trade from the aspects of trade scale,structure,driving force,innovation and security.Secondly,This paper analyzes the remarkable achievements made by China Railway Express in promoting the high-quality development of China's foreign trade,as well as the internal and external dilemmas faced by the“bottleneck”of key channels,the unbalanced structure of“two-way transportation”on the way to and from the return,the imperfect market operation mechanism,the limited connection of rules and standards,the lagging informatization and digital construction,the low level of international cooperation and development,and the external market uncertainties and security risks.Finally,in view of the dilemmas,this paper puts forward:China should base itself on the new development pattern of“dual-circulation”,break through internal and external development difficulties;deepen“infrastructure connectivity”to promote“unimpeded trade”with countries along“the Belt and Road”;strive to promote China Railway Express trade route to achieve the goals of higher level of cooperation,higher quality of supply and higher resilience of development,and further enable high-quality development of China's foreign trade.