RCEP原产地规则对区域供应链重构的影响

The Impact of RCEP Rules of Origin on Regional Supply Chain Reconstruction

原产地规则是自由贸易协定的核心内容,规定了产品“经济国籍”的认定标准,是确定货物能否享受优惠关税的重要依据。文章以RCEP文本为基础,结合区域累积属性、中间材料吸收原则和“原产地声明”制度等内容提炼出了RCEP原产地规则的主要特征。在此基础上,具体分析RCEP统一的原产地规则如何整合碎片化的经贸制度安排,降低商贸交易的制度性成本,进而优化区域内资源配置,产生正向贸易创造效应;阐述如何打通中日韩之间的自由贸易通道,突破美国在关键零部件和重要设备方面对我国的封锁。最后,文章提出要系统研究我国与RCEP其他成员国间的关税减让情况,合理安排中间品进口;优化原产地证明模式,鼓励符合条件的企业申报成为经核准出口商;加强对重点企业和产业的指导,提升RCEP利用率;防范RCEP相对较低的区域价值含量标准可能产生的贸易转移效应;加强原产地信息互换,警惕原产地自主声明中企业失信的潜在风险。

Rules of origin are the core content of free trade agreements,which stipulate the criteria for deter-mining the“economic nationality”of products and are an important basis for determining whether goods can enjoy preferential tariffs.This article is based on RCEP text,and extracts the main characteristics of RCEP rules of origin by combining the regional accumulation attributes,the absorption principle of intermediate materials,and the“de-claration of origin”system.On this basis,this article analyzes how the unified rules of origin of RCEP can in-tegrate the fragmented economic and trade institutional arrangements,reduce the institutional costs of commercial transactions,optimize the allocation of resources in the region,and generate positive trade creation effects;explain how to open up free trade channel between China,Japan and South Korea,and breakthrough the blockade imposed by the United States on China in terms of key components and important equipment.Finally,the article proposes to systematically study the tariff concessions between China and other RCEP member countries,and reasonably ar-range the import of intermediate products;optimize the certificate of origin model,and encourage qualified enterpri-ses to declare to become approved exporters;strengthen the guidance of key enterprises and industries to improve the utilization rate of RCEP;guard against the possible trade diversion effect of the relatively low regional value content standard of RCEP;and strengthen the exchange of origin information,and be alert to the potential risks of enterprises'breach of trust in the independent declaration of origin.