基于自我调节常识模型的健康教育对高血压患者血压和自我管理的影响

Effect of education based on the Common-Sense Model of Self-Regulation on blood pressure and self-management of hypertensive patients:A clinical trial study

目的本研究旨在确定基于自我调节常识模型(Common-Sense Model of Self-regulation)的健康教育对高血压患者的血压和自我管理的影响。方法本研究为随机对照临床试验,于2021年4月至2022年3月选取72例转诊到伊朗哈马丹省法尔希奇扬医院门诊的高血压患者为研究对象,随机分为干预组(n=36)和对照组(n=36)。干预组患者接受基于自我调节常识模型的培训项目,为期1个月,共5次,每次30~45 min,每3 d进行1次电话随访。对照组接受常规健康教育。在干预前、干预后3个月,护士测量患者血压,采用自我管理问卷对患者进行调查,比较两组的干预效果。结果共有68例患者完成研究。在干预前,两组患者的自我管理得分及其维度得分、收缩压、舒张压和平均动脉压差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。干预后3个月,与对照组相比,干预组患者的收缩压[(116.21±14.52)mmHg比(128.62±16.88)mmHg,1 mmHg=0.133 kPa]和平均动脉压[(88.03±8.47)mmHg比(98.11±11.69)mmHg]水平下降,自我管理问卷总得分及其各维度得分均提高,且高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论基于自我调节常识模型的健康教育改善了高血压患者的自我管理水平,患者血压得到控制,护士可将其作为一种有效的健康教育模式。

Objective:This study aimed to determine the impact of training based on the Common-Sense Model of Self-Regulation(CSM)on blood pressure and self-management of patients with hypertension.Methods:This randomized controlled trial study was conducted.Seventy-two hypertensive patients were referred to the Farshchian Hospital clinic in Hamadan from April 2021 to March 2022.Samples were selected and randomly assigned to the intervention group(n?36)and control group(n?36).The intervention group participated in a training program based on the CSM in five sessions of 30e45 min for one month.Phone follow-up was also done once every three days.The control group only received routine clinic education.The clinic’s nurse measured the patients’blood pressure,and the participants completed the self-management questionnaire before and three months after the start of the study.Results:A total of 68 participants completed the study.Results showed that before the intervention,there was no statistically significant difference in the mean scores of self-management and its dimensions,systolic,diastolic,and mean arterial pressure between intervention and control groups(P>0.05).However,after the intervention,the mean of systolic blood pressure(116.21±14.52 vs.128.62±16.88)mmHg,mean arterial pressure(88.03±8.47 vs.98.11±11.69)mmHg and the scores of self-management and its dimensions among patients in the intervention group were decreased comparison with control group(P<0.05).Conclusions:Education based on the CSM improved self-management and blood pressure reduction in hypertensive patients,so nurses should use it as an effective educational model.