“南海Ⅰ号”沉船底部海泥的科技分析

Scientific Analysis of the Mud at the Bottom of Nanhai No.1 Shipwreck

“南海Ⅰ号”是一艘南宋时期的木质商船,沉没于中国广东省阳江海域,于2007年被整体打捞出水,是迄今中国境内发现的年代最早、船体最大、保存最完整的沉船,出土文物18万余件。文章通过X射线衍射分析、热分析、显微分析、红外光谱分析、拉曼光谱以及扫描电子显微镜能谱等方法检测海泥的矿物成分、有机质和可溶盐等,结果发现“南海Ⅰ号”底部海泥的主要成分是石英和粘土矿物,有机质含量为6.62%,可溶盐含量为0.6%,成分主要是NaCl、CaSO_(4),还有少量的MgSO4和KCl。海泥pH值为7.74。“南海Ⅰ号”的埋藏环境关系到木质船体、陶瓷器等大宗船载货物的劣化机理研究,对沉船考古发掘和文物保护具有重要意义。研究可为“南海Ⅰ号”沉船出水文物保护提供一定的科学支撑。

Nanhai No.1 shipwreck,a wooden merchant ship of the Southern Song Dynasty,sank in Yangjiang,Guangdong Province,China.The ship was salvaged in 2007.It is the earliest,largest and most wellpreserved shipwreck found in China so far,with more than 180,000 artefacts unearthed.In 2020,with the end of the archaeological excavation,the extraction of artifacts was basically completed,and the hull of the sunken ship was almost fully exposed,as well the bottom cabin showed its true appearance.In this study,the mineral composition,organic material and soluble salt of the sea mud from the bottom cabin were examined by X-ray diffraction analysis,thermal analysis,microscopy,infrared spectroscopy,Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscope combined energy spectroscopy.The results show that the main components of sea mud are quartz and clay minerals,with an organic content of 6.62%and soluble salt content of 0.6%,mainly NaCl,CaSO_(4),with a small amount of MgSO4 and KCl.The pH of sea mud is 7.74.The buried soil environment of Nanhai No.1 shipwreck is related to the degradation mechanism of wooden objects,ceramics and other cargoes,and is of great significance to the archaeological excavation and protection of this sunken ship.This study will provide scientific support for the conservation of"Nanhai No.1"shipwreck.