我国雪上项目运动员部分心理、生理指标相关性研究

Research on the Correlation between Partial Psychological and Physiological Indicators of Chinese Snow Sports Events Athletes

运动员的竞技水平在项目发展中起到关键作用,而心理状态则是影响运动员竞技表现的重要因素。通过量表调查法、仪器观测法、数据分析法,对20名国家雪上项目运动员的心理、生理指标进行监测和评估,探讨一般自我效能感、应对方式、心境、生理指标之间的关系。发现受教育程度较高的运动员的一般自我效能感和自尊感显著较高;运动等级较低的运动员回避应对得分显著较高,运动等级较高的运动员紧张水平显著较高;一些心理指标与生理指标间存在相关关系;一般自我效能感显著预测集中处理情绪应对。提出需要通过多维度的心理指标来评估运动员的心理状态;要注重提升雪上项目运动员的一般自我效能感,引导运动员在面临应激或压力时,以更积极、直接的应对方式保持良好的情绪状态,帮助运动员达到更好的竞技水平和运动表现,实现我国雪上项目发展质的飞跃。

The competitive level of athletes plays a crucial role in the development of the event,while the psychological state is an important factor affecting athletes'competitive performance.The psychological and physiological indicators of 20 national snow sports events athletes were monitored and assessed by the methods of scale survey,instrumental observation and data analysis to explore the relationship among general self-eficacy,coping ways,state of mind,and physiological indicators.It was found that athletes with higher education levels had significantly higher general selfeficacy and self-esteem;athletes with lower sport levels had significantly higher avoidance coping scores,and athletes with higher sport levels had significantly higher tension levels;correlations existed between some psychological indicators and physiological indicators;general self-efficacy significantly predicts focused emotional coping.It is proposed that multi-dimensional psychological indicators are needed to assess the psychological state of athletes;Attention should be paid to enhancing the general self-efficacy of snow sports events athletes,guiding them to maintain a positive and direct emotional state when facing stress or pressure,helping athletes achieve better competitive level and performance,and achieving a qualitative leap in the development of China's snow sports events.