山西省公众结核病防治核心知识知晓率调查分析

Analysis of the public awareness rate of core knowledge of tuberculosis prevention and control in Shanxi

目的:调查山西省公众对结核病防治核心知识知晓情况,为加强结核病防治健康教育与健康促进工作提供科学依据。方法:采用多阶段分层整群简单随机抽样方法,于2021年1—3月从全省11个市各选取12个调查点,每个调查点抽取不少于100人,最终共抽取132个调查点(城镇44个,乡村88个),13426名调查对象。采用入户调查的方式对调查对象进行结核病防治核心知识和接受健康教育情况的问卷调查。共计发放13426份问卷,回收有效问卷13426份,回收率为100.00%,采用描述性方法和χ^(2)检验分析结核病防治核心信息知晓情况。结果:5条结核病防治核心知识总知晓率为80.05%(53735/67130)。“肺结核是严重的慢性传染病”“肺结核主要通过呼吸道传播”“结核病的可疑症状为咳嗽咳痰2周以上”“肺结核的预防措施主要为不随地吐痰,咳嗽、打喷嚏时掩口鼻,戴口罩”和“绝大部分肺结核能治愈”等5条核心知识的知晓率分别为71.80%(9640/13426)、88.99%(11948/13426)、89.65%(12037/13426)、80.73%(10839/13426)和69.05%(9271/13426)。其中,男性、城市人口、低年龄(15~19岁)、大学本科及以上文化程度、机关事业单位调查对象的总知晓率[分别为80.30%(26091/32465)、82.30%(19020/23110)、84.43%(1372/1625)、84.18%(3405/4045)和85.69%(3916/4570)]分别高于女性、农村人口、80岁及以上、文盲与半文盲人群、无业和个体营业者的总知晓率[分别为79.75%(27644/34665)、78.86%(34712/44020)、69.45%(955/1375)、70.03%(2493/3560)和77.68%(10269/13220)],差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)=4.040,P=0.044;χ^(2)=112.711,P<0.001;χ^(2)=330.252,P<0.001;χ^(2)=514.584,P<0.001;χ^(2)=272.377,P<0.001)。但仅有78.69%(10565/13426)的公众接受过结核病健康教育,“电视”[55.88%(5904/10565)]“宣传栏/墙报/黑板报”[39.77%(4202/10565)]和“传单/折页/宣传画”[38.97%(4117/10565)]仍是接受较多的途径。“广播/电视/电影/音像材料”[62.75%(8423/13423)]仍是公众最喜欢的接受健康知识的途径。结论:近年来,山西省公众结核病防治核心信息知晓率大幅提升,但尚未达到国家规划要求,仍需进一步加强结核病防治健康促进工作,特别是针对农村、低学历、高龄、无业等知晓率较低人群需开展形式多样的精准健康教育。

Objective:To investigate the awareness of core knowledge of tuberculosis prevention and control among residents in Shanxi,and provide scientific basis for strengthening health promotion and health education on tuberculosis control.Methods:From January to March 2021,a multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method was applied to select 12 survey sites from each of the 11 cities in Shanxi.At least 100 participants were included in each survey site,resulting in a total of 132 survey sites(44 urban sites and 88 rural sites)and 13426 participants.A household survey was conducted using questionnaires to assess the participants’awareness of core knowledge of tuberculosis prevention and control and the health education.A total of 13426 questionnaires were distributed,and 13426 valid questionnaires were collected with a response rate of 100.00%.Descriptive analysis and Chi-square tests were used to analyze the awareness of core knowledge of tuberculosis prevention and control.Results:The general awareness rate of all 5 key messages was 80.05%(53735/67130).The awareness rates of the five tuberculosis key messages were 71.80%(9640/13426),88.99%(11948/13426),89.65%(12037/13426),80.73%(10839/13426),and 69.05%(9271/13426),respectively,which include“tuberculosis is a serious chronic infectious disease”,“tuberculosis is mainly transmitted through the respiratory tract”,“the suspicious symptoms of tuberculosis are cough and/or coughing with sputum for more than 2 weeks”,“the preventive measures of tuberculosis are mainly not spitting,covering the mouth and nose when coughing and sneezing,and wearing masks”and“the majority of pulmonary tuberculosis can be cured”.Among them,the total awareness rates of male participants,urban population,participants with younger age(15-19 years old),participants with a bachelor’s degree or above and participants from government institutions(80.30%(26091/32465),82.30%(19020/23110),84.43%(1372/1625),84.18%(3405/4045)and 85.69%(3916/4570),respectively)were higher than those of female participants,rural population,aged 80 and above,illiterate or semiliterate population groups,and unemployed or self-employed individuals(79.75%(27644/34665),78.86%(34712/44020),69.45%(955/1375),70.03%(2493/3560)and 77.68%(10269/13220),respectively).These differences were statistically significant(χ^(2)=4.040,P=0.044;χ^(2)=112.711,P<0.001;χ^(2)=330.252,P<0.001;χ^(2)=514.584,P<0.001;χ^(2)=272.377,P<0.001,respectively).Furthermore,78.69%(10565/13426)of the public population had received health education of tuberculosis.“Television”(55.88%,5904/10565),“bulletin/wall newspapers/blackboard newspapers”(39.77%,4202/10565),and“leaflets/folded pages/posters”(38.97%,4117/10565)were the most common ways for receiving health education.“Radio/television/film/audiovisual materials”(62.75%,8423/13423)remained the most popular way for the public population to acquire health knowledge.Conclusion:In recent years,the awareness of core knowledge of tuberculosis prevention and control among residents in Shanxi has increased significantly.However,it has not yet reached the national planning goals.Health education on tuberculosis control knowledge should be strengthened,especially for the populations with rural area,lower education,older ages,and unemployed or self-employed individuals.