不同小麦伴生对黄瓜生长·保护酶活性及枯萎病的影响

Effects of Companion Cropping with Different Wheats on Cucumber Growth,Activities of Protective Enzymes and Fusarium Wilt

利用化感作用原理,探索设施黄瓜连作障碍调控技术,以黄瓜为试材,采用盆栽方式,研究不同品种小麦伴生对接种尖孢镰刀菌黄瓜生长、保护酶活性及枯萎病的影响。结果表明,不同小麦伴生均降低了黄瓜枯萎病发病率、病情指数,其中X04、X09处理的病情指数均与对照差异显著,防治效果均高于其他处理;不同小麦伴生均促进了黄瓜株高、茎粗的增加,X04处理的茎粗、地上部鲜重、地上部干重均较高,均与对照差异显著,X09、X04处理的地下部干重显著高于其他处理和对照。在2个取样时期,各处理黄瓜叶片丙二醛含量均低于对照,β-1,3-葡聚糖酶活性均高于对照,接菌后第7天,X04处理的丙二醛含量最低,β-1,3-葡聚糖酶活性最高,均与对照差异显著;接菌后第14天,X04处理的多酚氧化酶、超氧化物歧化酶、苯丙氨酸解氨酶、过氧化物酶活性均高于其他处理和对照。整体上,小麦伴生黄瓜栽培,能够减缓黄瓜枯萎病的发生,促进黄瓜生长及干物质积累,提高黄瓜叶片保护酶活性,降低丙二醛含量,不同小麦品种间存在差异,其中,X04处理表现相对较好。该研究为采用小麦伴生缓解黄瓜连作障碍技术的应用提供理论参考。

The principle of allelopathy was introduced to explore the obstacle regulation technology of cucumber continuous cropping in protec⁃ted areas.Cucumber was used as the test material,to study the effects of companion cropping with different wheats on cucumber growth,activi⁃ties of protective enzymes and fusarium wilt control effects of cucumber in a potted way.The results indicated that the incidence rate and dis⁃ease index of cucumber fusarium wilt inoculated with Fusarium oxysporum were reduced by different wheat companions.The disease indexes of X04 and X09 were lower and their control effects were higher than other treatments.The accompanying of different wheat promoted the increase of plant height and stem diameter of cucumber.The values of the stem diameter,aboveground fresh weight and aboveground dry weight of X04 treatment were higher,which were significantly different from the control.The underground dry weights of X09 and X04 were significantly high⁃er than that of other treatments and control.The contents of MDA in cucumber leaves of all treatments were lower than that of the control,the activities ofβ⁃1,3⁃glucanase were higher than that of the control.At 7 dpi,the content of MDA in X04 was the lowest,the activity ofβ⁃1,3⁃glucanase was the highest,which were all significantly different from its control.At 14 dpi,the activities of the polyphenol oxidase,superoxide dismutase,phenylalanine ammonia⁃lyase and peroxidase in X04 were higher than those in other treatments and the control.On the whole,the cultivation of cucumber with wheat slowed down the occurrence of cucumber fusarium wilt,promoted the growth and dry matter accumulation of cucumber,increased the activity of protective enzymes in cucumber leaves,and reduced the content of malondialdehyde.There were differ⁃ences among different wheat varieties,among which X04 performed relatively well.This study provides a theoretical reference for the applica⁃tion of the technology of preventing and controlling cucumber continuous cropping obstacles with wheat.