脂代谢对主动脉疾病发生发展及预后的影响

The effect of lipid metabolism on the occurrence,development and prognosis of aortic disease

以主动脉瘤和主动脉夹层为代表的主动脉疾病作为一类高发病率和高死亡率的疾病受到广泛重视,其缺乏有效的早期预警标志,同时,手术治疗死亡率也较高。主动脉疾病的发病机制尚未完全明确。目前,主动脉疾病已被证实与高血压、动脉粥样硬化、性别、遗传变异、炎症等各种改变主动脉壁受力的因素相关。随着经济社会的发展,以高脂血症为代表的血脂代谢异常在世界范围内的发病率日益增加。血脂异常增加动脉粥样硬化和血管功能障碍的风险,并最终导致冠心病、脑卒中等各类心脑血管疾病的发生。目前发现高脂血症对主动脉疾病的发生发展存在不良影响,更好地了解脂代谢紊乱和主动脉疾病之间的关系有助于临床上对主动脉疾病的预防和诊治。同时,各种调脂药物可以通过不同脂质代谢位点对血脂进行有效控制,调脂药物已在各类心脑血管疾病的预防和临床治疗中起到重要作用。控制血脂和改善动脉粥样硬化对主动脉疾病的发生有较好的预防效果。本文总结了近年关于临床血脂指标、高脂血症与主动脉疾病的发生、发展和预后之间的关系,并探讨脂代谢紊乱及调脂药物对主动脉疾病影响的细胞和分子通路以及其潜在应用前景。

Aortic diseases,such as aortic aneurysm and aortic dissection,have attracted wide attention as a kind of diseases with high morbidity and high mortality,which lack effective early warning markers and have a high mortality after surgical treatment.The pathogenesis of aortic disease is not fully understood.At present,aortic disease has been proven to be associated with hypertension,atherosclerosis,gender,genetic variation,inflammation and other factors that change the force on the aortic wall.With the development of economy and society,the incidence of dyslipidemia represented by hyperlipidemia is increasing in the world.Dyslipidemia increases the risk of atherosclerosis and vascular dysfunction,and ultimately leads to coronary heart disease,stroke and other cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.Currently,hyperlipidemia has been found to have adverse effects on the occurrence and development of aortic diseases.A better understanding of the relationship between lipid metabolism disorders and aortic diseases is helpful for clinical prevention,diagnosis and treatment of aortic diseases.At the same time,various lipid-regulating drugs can effectively control blood lipid through different lipid metabolic sites,and lipid-regulating drugs have played an important role in the prevention and clinical treatment of various cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.Controlling blood lipids and improving atherosclerosis have better preventive effect on the occurrence of aortic diseases.This paper summarizes the relationship between clinical lipid indexes,hyperlipidemia and the occurrence,development and prognosis of aortic diseases in recent years,and probes into the cellular and molecular pathways of lipid metabolism disorders and the effects of lipid-regulating drugs on aortic diseases,as well as their potential application prospects.