封闭管理下城市生活物资临时分配点优化配置研究

Study on the optimal allocation of temporary distribution points for urban living materials during closedoff management

为有效保障封闭管理下的居民基本生活需求,综合考虑实际运输距离、配送站服务范围和服务能力、配送车辆类型差异及数量供给能力等影响因素,构建两阶段多目标临时分配点优化配置模型,封闭管理初期以未满足需求率比较值最小、临时配送点数量最少、成本最低为目标,常态化封闭管理阶段则追求在已有方案基础上以最少数量的临时分配点和最小运输成本实现再配置。根据模型设计编码方式和修复算子改进快速非支配排序遗传算法(NSGAⅡ)用于模型求解,最后以武汉市江汉区进行实例分析。结果表明:模型算法能够为封闭管理初期管理部门提供不同决策偏好下的临时分配点布局方案,为常态化封闭管理阶段提供风险小、成本低、效率高以及服务公平的临时分配点布局方案。研究结果能够为采取封闭管理措施的城市保障居民基本生活物资供应提供决策参考。

The purpose is to effectively distribute basic living materials to residents in closed-off management areas after the outbreak of major infectious diseases and public health emergencies.We construct a two-stage model of optimal allocation of temporary distribution points of basic living materials for the initial and regular stage of closed-off management.The optimization objectives pursued in these two stages are different.The former aiming for the smallest comparative value of unmet demand rate,the smallest number of temporary distribution points,and the lowest cost,and the latter aims only for the smallest number of temporary distribution points and the lowest cost.It is important to emphasize that the model integrates some factors that we believe might affect the reasonableness of the model results.These factors include the actual transportation distance,the service range and service capacity of distribution stations,and the type and number of distribution vehicles.We further improve the fast non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm(NSGAⅡ)by designing encoding and repair algorithms to match better the model for solving.Taking the temporary distribution point allocation of basic living materials in Jianghan District,Wuhan City as a typical case,the effectiveness and rationality of the model and solution algorithm proposed in this paper are verified.The results show that the model and algorithm can provide temporary distribution point layout solutions under different decision preferences for the decision-making authority at the initial stage of closed-off management.Besides,it can provide temporary distribution point layout solutions with low risk and cost,high distribution efficiency and equitable service for the regular closed-off management stage.The research results provide a reference for decision-making in cities under closed-off management measure to ensure the basic living materials to residents.