考虑货车-无人机协同的灾后应急响应策略及调度优化

Truck-drone collaboration strategies and scheduling optimization for urban emergency responses

为了弥补现有货车无人机应用策略在灾后应急响应调度过程中的不足,进一步提高城市应急响应效率,提出了面向灾后救援的货车无人机协同策略,并对其调度算法进行研究。在对两种货车无人机协同响应策略进行分析的基础上,考虑城市应急场景道路密度高、中断点多、需求规模大的特点,提出了货车无人机飞行伙伴响应策略,并以响应时间最小化为目标建立了其调度优化的混合整数规划模型。同时,设计了基于禁忌搜索的三阶段求解算法,并通过试验对该调度策略及算法的应用效果进行了仿真验证。

Aiming to further improve the efficiency of urban emergency responses,this paper proposes a flexible truck-drone collaboration strategy and develops an efficient truck-drone scheduling algorithm.Firstly,this paper analyzes two truckdrone response strategies,truck-drone independent response strategy,and truck supporting drone response strategy,with their operating procedures and characteristics using literature analysis and case studies.Based on the characteristics of post-disaster emergency scenarios,a novel strategy,which is called the truckdrone flying sidekick collaboration strategy,is presented for urban emergency response.By comparing their response efficiency,accessibility,and computing complexity of scheduling,their appropriate usage scenarios are analyzed.Secondly,aiming at minimizing the total response time,the fleet scheduling model for the truck-drone flying sidekick collaboration strategy is developed.Thirdly,this paper proposes a three-phase tabu-search-based scheduling algorithm for solving the problem.It divides the integrated truck-drone scheduling problem into three phases,from truck route scheduling,and drone route scheduling,to collaborative route adjustment.In the truck route scheduling problem,the truck scheduling solution is solved by tabu search with the minimum total response time of trucks for the initial solution of the integrated problem.In the drone route scheduling problem,the set of drone scheduling candidates is obtained based on the initial truck routing results.In the collaborative route adjustment problem,the candidate routes obtained by the second stage are inserted into the initial solution based on a tabu search algorithm to generate improved solutions.This work also developed a simulation-based experimental environment to evaluate and verify the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed strategy and algorithm.Results show that the proposed truck-drone flying sidekick collaboration strategy can effectively reduce the emergency response time compared with the truck-drone independent strategy.Besides,sensitivity analysis shows that the emergency response time will further reduce along with the increase of the range of the drone.