携带行李对人员在楼梯间内疏散速度影响试验研究

Experimental study on the influence ofbaggage on evacuation speed ofpedestrians in the staircase

在开展轨道交通车站等区域内乘客安全疏散问题研究时,需考虑乘客携带行李的影响。为研究携带行李对乘客在楼梯间内疏散速度的影响,本研究开展了楼梯间行人疏散试验,结果表明,随着行李质量的增加,携带手提包、双肩包行人楼梯上行和楼梯下行的平均疏散速度总体呈现下降趋势,在各个工况中,男性行人的平均疏散速度均高于女性行人。行人楼梯上行疏散速度随着楼层升高而降低,但楼梯下行疏散速度随楼层的变化规律不明显。与无行李工况相比,在调研所得到的行人楼梯疏散携带行李极限质量条件下,携带手提包和双肩包的男性行人楼梯上行平均疏散速度分别下降了14.8%和28.4%,楼梯下行平均疏散速度分别下降了13.2%和15.0%;携带手提包和双肩包的女性行人楼梯上行平均疏散速度分别下降了21.8%和20.5%,楼梯下行平均疏散速度分别下降了12.8%和7.6%。基于试验数据拟合,还得到了行人疏散速度随不同类型行李质量的变化规律,为携带行李所导致的楼梯间内行人疏散速度下降情况提供了初步的量化结果。

For evacuating the influences of baggage on the evacuation speed of pedestrians in the staircase,the design experiments on the evacuation speed of pedestrians in the staircase with consideration of the influences of carrying baggage were conducted in the present study.For getting a reasonable experimental design,a survey analysis was conducted first.Based on the results of the survey analysis,most of the pedestrians would carry handbags or backpacks when they evacuated through the staircase.The limitation mass of handbags and backpacks for male pedestrians were 4 and 8 kg,respectively.For the female pedestrians,the limited mass of the handbag and backpack were 3 and 6 kg,respectively.The results show that the upstairs and downstairs evacuation speeds of the pedestrian on the staircase decrease with the baggage mass for both the handbag and backpack conditions.The relationship between the decrease rate of evacuation speed of pedestrians(use the evacuation speed in no baggage condition as the baseline)and the baggage mass in different conditions is derived based on experimental data fitting.For all conditions,the average evacuation speeds of male pedestrians are higher than those of female pedestrians.The upstairs evacuation speed of pedestrians decreases with the floor number,however,the influences of floor number on the downstairs evacuation speed of pedestrians are not significant.In the limitation mass conditions of pedestrians when evacuating through the staircase,the upstairs evacuation speeds of male pedestrians carrying handbags and backpacks decrease 14.8%and 28.4%,respectively,compared with no baggage condition.The decrease rates of downstairs evacuation speed of male pedestrians are 13.2%and 15.0%for the handbag and backpack conditions,respectively.For the female pedestrian,the upstairs evacuation speeds carrying a handbag and backpack with the limitation mass decrease 21.8%and 20.5%compared with the no baggage condition,and those of downstairs speed are 12.8%and 7.6%for the handbag and backpack conditions,respectively.