宁夏马铃薯主要种植区农业气候资源变化特征分析

Variation Characteristics of Agricultural Climatic Resources in Main Potato Planting Areas of Ningxia,China

本研究基于气象资料和马铃薯生产资料,利用联合国粮农组织(FAO)推荐的Penman-Monteith公式及数理统计等方法,分析了宁夏马铃薯主要种植区农业气候资源的时空变化特征;结果表明:1981—2020年在宁夏马铃薯种植区,平均气温、最高气温、最低气温、日较差空间分布均为北高南低,变化率均为南快北慢正增长的特征。太阳辐射量呈北高南低,变化率只有南部少部分地区为正增长,其余地区为负增长。就水分条件而言,降水量呈南多北少,变化率呈南部正增长,北部负增长;而参考作物蒸散量、作物需水量变化特征与降水量相反。总之,宁夏马铃薯种植区的南部降水量大,热量稍微偏少,但足够马铃薯生长需要,适合种植中晚熟及抗霜冻品种,北部干旱少雨,热量充足,适合种植抗旱品种。成果可为旱区农业应对气候变化、合理开发并利用气候资源,以及调整农业结构和种植制度等提供一定的科学依据。

In this study,based on meteorological data and crop production data,the spatio-temporal variation characteristics of agricultural climate resources in the main potato planting areas of Ningxia were analyzed through the Penman-Monteith formula recommended by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations(FAO)and other statistical methods.The results showed that the average values of annual temperature,annual highest temperature,annual lowest temperature and diurnal temperature range in the north were higher than that in the south during 1981 to 2020.The temperature showed an increasing trend in most areas.The solar radiation was high in the north and low in the south,and the change rate of solar radiation was positive in a small part of the south and negative in the rest region.In terms of water condition,the precipitation in the south was more than the north,and the change rate of precipitation was positive in the south and negative in the north.In short,the precipitation was large but the heat resource was slightly less in the south of Ningxia.However,it was sufficient for potato growth and suitable for planting middle-late-maturing and frost-resistant varieties in this region.The north of Ningxia was dry and little rain with abundant heat resource,suitable for planting drought-resistant varieties.The study can provide a scientific basis for agriculture in dry land areas to cope with climate change,rational development and utilization of climate resources,and adjustment of agricultural structure and cropping systems.