重庆市水稻直播栽培适宜播期研究

Direct Seeding Rice Cultivation in Chongqing:Study on Suitable Sowing Period

旨在研究播期与品种类型对直播水稻产量的影响,为直播栽培播期及品种的科学选用提供依据。以生产上主推的8个杂交稻品种为供试材料,在重庆3个生态区,各设置3个播期,研究各类型水稻品种产量、有效穗、实粒数特点。结果表明:在试验设置的播期范围内平均产量在播期间和品种类型间差异显著(P<0.05)。其中秀山试验点播期2平均产量8931.96 kg/hm^(2)显著高于播期3平均产量7801.83 kg/hm^(2);万州试验点播期2平均产量达到9490.06 kg/hm^(2)显著高于播期1平均产量9113.79 kg/hm^(2)和播期3平均产量8783.78 kg/hm^(2)。两系杂交稻品种产量显著高于三系杂交稻品种,主要表现在有效穗显著高于三系杂交稻。在万州、秀山试验点品种间产量差异显著,‘C两优华占’产量表现突出。综合看来,重庆市西部直播播种期宜在4月上旬,重庆东北部宜在4月中旬,重庆东南部宜在4月下旬播种有利于稳产。

To study the influence of sowing date and variety on the yield of direct seeding rice and provide a basis for the selection of the sowing period and varieties,eight hybrid rice varieties mainly promoted in the production were used as test materials,three sowing dates were set up in the three ecological areas of Chongqing,and the yield,effective ear and solid grain characteristics of each type of rice varieties were studied.Yield and its components were compared to analyze the relationship between the yield and sowing dates.The results showed that there were significant differences in the average yield during different sowing periods and varieties(P<0.05).The rice yield of No.2(8931.96 kg/hm^(2))sowing date in Xiushan was significantly higher than No.3 sowing date(7801.83 kg/hm^(2)).The yield of No.2 sowing date(9490.06 kg/hm^(2))in Wanzhou was significantly higher than that in No.1(9113.79 kg/hm^(2))and No.3(8783.78 kg/hm^(2)).The yield of two-line hybrid rice was significantly higher than that of three-line hybrid rice,mainly because of higher number of effective panicles.In Wanzhou and Xiushan experimental sites,the differences of yield among varieties were significant.Production performance of‘C liangyou huazhan’was outstanding.On average,the sowing date in the west of Chongqing should be in early April,the northeast of Chongqing should be in the middle of April,and the southeast of Chongqing should be in late April,which is conducive to stable yield.