民俗文化视阈下桐城歌的传承发展研究

Study on inheritance and development of Tongcheng Song from theperspective of Folk culture

安徽的桐城,自古被称为“七省通衢”,这里得天独厚的地理位置和悠远流长的历史文化,成为清朝著名文学流派“桐城派”诞生的摇篮。与此同时,安徽桐城开放、包容的人文环境,也孕育了该地区民间文化艺术的精华——桐城歌。桐城歌因其极具地域风格的曲调和优美的唱腔被人们广泛传唱,逐渐流布到江南各地。它作为一种源起江南民间的歌谣形式,蕴涵了丰富的地域文化元素和民间艺术意蕴,于2008年被评为国家级非物质文化遗产。尤其是其唱腔风格、表演形式、歌词韵律中,无处不体现着丰厚的民俗事象,其厚重的文化底蕴体现的是明清以来的安徽桐城地区社会文化和风俗人情的图景,具有重要的民俗文化内涵和民间艺术价值。本文从民俗文化的视野出发,运用艺术人类学的研究方法,站在他者的角度观察并诠释桐城歌背后的民俗缘由,进而对桐城歌的传承现状进行梳理,并试图探讨其创新拓展的发展路径。

Tongcheng,Anhui Province,has been known as the"thoroughgo of seven provinces"since ancient times.With its advantaged geographical location and long history and culture,Tongcheng became the cradle of the famous literary school of the Qing Dynasty.At the same time,the open and inclusive cultural environment of Tongcheng,Anhui Province,also gave birth to the essence of the region's folk culture and art--Tongcheng Song.Tongcheng Song has been widely sung by people because of its very regional style tunes and beautiful singing voice,and gradually spread to all parts of the south.As a form of folk ballad originating from Jiangnan,it contains rich regional cultural elements and folk artistic implications,and was awarded as a national intangible cultural heritage in 2008.Especially in its singing style,performance form and lyric rhythm,there are abundant folk customs everywhere.Its profound cultural deposits reflect the social culture and customs of Tongcheng area of Anhui Province since Ming and Qing Dynasties,which has important folk culture connotation and folk art value.From the perspective of folk culture,this paper uses the research method of art anthropology to observe and interpret the folk reasons behind Tongcheng Song from the perspective of others,and then combs the inheritance status of Tongcheng song,and tries to explore the development path of its innovation and expansion.