油氢合建站高压储氢容器组事故后果研究

Research on accident consequences caused by high-pressure hydrogen storage vessels in oil-hydrogen refueling stations

为明确新型高压储氢瓶式容器组突发泄漏和爆炸事故后,对现场作业人员造成的伤害程度和对周围建筑物形成的破坏等级,运用过程危害分析软件(Process Hazard Analysis Software Tool,PHAST)对油氢合建站内此类新型储氢容器的事故后果开展模拟研究,分析了不同场景中的氢气扩散规律和环境因素影响下氢气泄漏的差异性特征。结果表明:新型高压储氢容器不同形式的泄漏、环境温差和风力条件变化,均将显著影响油氢合建站内事故性氢气泄漏和爆炸的后果范围。当泄漏尺寸与环境温度同时增加时,氢气爆炸冲击波造成人员死亡的区域随之扩大。若储氢容器发生瞬时完全破裂,氢气爆炸冲击波的致命范围随环境温度升高而略微减小。在同一泄漏事故场景下,增强环境风力在一定区域内稀释氢气混合云团浓度,储氢容器爆炸毁伤范围有所减小。

To display the injury level of on-site personnel and damage degree to surrounding buildings caused by a new type of high-pressure storage vessel leakage and explosion,this study presents a scene reconstruction referenced with the accident case of a such new type of high-pressure storage vessel in oil-hydrogen refueling station by PHAST(Process Hazard Analysis Software Tool).In numerical work,validities of the accidental dispersion model and internal explosion model are discussed by comparing the previous experimental data and PHAST simulations.The dispersion law is conducted on top of different accident scenarios with environmental factors,and characteristics analysis is integrated with relevant parameters such as location,structure,causation,consequence,and time series data.Current results indicate that the changes in leakage size of the high-pressure hydrogen storage vessel,ambient temperature,and wind conditions of the accident site significantly affect the hydrogen dispersion range and explosion damage scope of the oil-hydrogen refueling station.When a small leakage occurs in the highpressure hydrogen storage vessel,it easily leads to strong shock wave formation,which triggers the spontaneous ignition of leaked hydrogen to generate jet fire.The damage ranges caused by a leaked hydrogen explosion in an oil-hydrogen refueling station are different due to various leakage sizes of the high-pressure hydrogen storage vessel.If the leakage size of a high-pressure hydrogen storage vessel increases with the ambient temperature increment simultaneously,the fatal range caused by hydrogen explosion will expand accordingly at the accident site.However,when the storage vessel instantaneously has a complete rupture,the fatal range drops slightly with the increment of ambient temperature at the accident site.Besides,wind conditions restrict the leaked hydrogen of high-pressure hydrogen storage vessels to entrain the surrounding air,and the enhanced wind speed can dilute the dispersion concentration of leaked hydrogen,resulting in the reduction of the fatal range induced by highpressure hydrogen storage vessel accidents.