论明代官员的留都衙门观

Officials’ Views on the Institutions of Alternate Capital in the Ming Dynasty

明代官员对留都衙门的描述具有多元化的特点,评价也随之而异:对闲散安逸的描述造就了仕途坎坷的意象,安逸状态却成为宽慰留都官员的重要理由;对劳逸并重的描述基于安逸与勤政的统一性,又赋予安逸状态以重要价值;对仕宦紧要的描述是基于两京的平等性,体现出留都对官员仕途发展的重要意义。明代官员的留都衙门观是由两京制度下南京的特殊地位决定的,也是中国古代政治文化中“仕”“隐”辩证关系的产物,体现出留都衙门对维护明王朝长期统治的重要作用。

The descriptions on the institutions of alternate Capital by officials were diversified in the Ming Dynasty,which diversified their evaluations of the institutions of alternate Capital:the description on idleness and ease created the image of frustration of official career,with which the ease state comforted officials in alternate Capital,the description on laying equal stress on work and rest based on the unity of ease and hardworking,which endowed the ease with important values,the description on high political status about the institutions of the alternate Capital based on the equality of the alternate Capital and Peking,which reflected the political significance of the institutions of alternate Capital to officials.The officials’views on the institutions of alternate Capital in the Ming Dynasty were determined by the special status of Nanjing under the dual Capital system,which were influenced by the dialectical relation between officialdom and seclusion in the ancient Chinese political culture,that reflected the important role of the institutions of alternate Capital in maintaining the Ming’s long-term rule.