三线建设时期党和政府运作民工筑路实态探赜——以1970—1973年芜湖县兴修皖赣铁路为考察对象

Research on the Actual State of Local Migrant Workers’Road Construction Operation in the Third-Line Construction Period:Take the Construction of Anhui-Jiangxi Railway in Wuhu County from 1970 to 1973 as an Example

三线建设时期为解决大规模铁路建设中劳动力不足问题,党和政府广泛动员和组织铁路沿线民工参与筑路。其基本模式是,组织上将民工编成民兵队伍,分配建设任务;经济上为民工提供生活保障,发放劳动报酬;精神上则对民工施以思想政治教育,开展群众运动。1970—1973年芜湖县运作民工兴修皖赣铁路,即是这种模式真实样态的呈现。尽管这种模式下筑路工程质量差和安全事故多,但仍不失为特定历史条件下党和政府建设铁路的有效路径,在新中国铁路建设事业中具有重要实践价值。

During the Third-Line Construction period,in order to solve the problem of labor shortage in large-scale railway construction,the party and the government extensively operated local migrant workers along the railway to participate in road construction.Its operation mode is basically to organize migrant workers into militias and undertake railway construction tasks at different levels,provide them with basic living security and pay them for their work,and at the same time carry out ideological education centered on politics.The basic reality of this way can be seen from the operation of migrant workers in Wuhu county during 1970-1973.Although there were problems such as engineering quality and safety accidents in the construction of railway by migrant workers during the third-line period,it is still an effective way for the party and the government to construct railway under specific historical conditions,and has important practical value in the railway construction of New China.