我国煤基活性炭应用研究现状与发展趋势

Application research status and development trend of coal-based activated carbon in China

煤基活性炭应用是煤炭清洁高效利用的重要组成部分,基于煤基活性炭具有孔隙结构发达、物理化学性质稳定、吸附性能优良、催化性能佳、易再生等特点而被广泛应用于众多领域,因此研究和归纳我国煤基活性炭的应用研究现状与发展趋势具有重要意义。对近年我国煤基活性炭的应用研究进行归纳分析,阐述煤基活性炭在我国主要应用领域的研究特点,具体探讨其在液相吸附(如水处理、食品加工、贵金属回收、医药领域等)、气相吸附(如烟气净化、挥发性有机物处理等)、催化领域(如催化剂、催化剂载体等)以及超级电容器、电极材料、土壤改良、气体分离、香烟滤器等其他方面的应用研究现状,并展望我国煤基活性炭的研究发展趋势。煤基活性炭可广泛用于市政自来水净化、生活污水与工业污水处理、医药废水处理等水处理领域,同时广泛应用于食品的脱色、除味、纯化等食品加工领域,也已将其大量应用于使用活性炭提取黄金等贵金属及与药物合成中间产物提纯和脱色精制等领域。煤基活性炭在气相吸附领域应用主要体现在烟气净化、挥发性有机物处理等,其技术应用具有较高的竞争力与较大的发展空间。煤基活性炭在催化领域应用现状主要体现在煤基活性炭自身对氧化、还原、卤化、脱氢、裂解、异构化等多种反应具有催化作用,也可作为催化剂的载体,另外还可与其负载的其他物质结合形成络合物催化剂从而达到协同催化的效果。未来需重点关注按应用需求分类生产不同类型的煤基活性炭、优质原料煤的可替代性研究、柱状活性炭新型黏结剂开发、活性炭改性新型技术研究与活性炭产业标准体系建立研究等方向。煤基活性炭作为新材料与碳素材料的重要分支,将会在我国经济的可持续发展中发挥着越来越重要的作用。

Coal-based activated carbon application is an important part of the clean and efficient use of coal.Based on the characteristics of coal-based activated carbon with well-developed pore structure,stable physicochemical properties,excellent adsorption performance,catalytic performance,easy regeneration and so on,it is widely used in many fields.Therefore,it is of great significance to study and summarise the current status of the research and development trend of the application of coal-based activated carbon.This analysis consolidated recent Chinese research on coal-based activated carbon,delineated its application characteristics in principal fields,and scrutinized its role in liquid phase adsorption(including water treatment,food processing,precious metal extraction,and pharmaceuticals),gas phase adsorption(like flue gas purification and volatile organic compound treatment),catalysis(catalysts,catalyst carriers,etc.),supercapacitors,electrode materials,soil amelioration,gas separation,cigarette filters,and other areas.It also considered the future research direction for coal-based activated carbon in China.With its diverse uses in purifying municipal tap water,treating domestic and industrial sewage,pharmaceutical wastewater,and more,coal-based activated carbon is of paramount importance.It also finds widespread use in food processing for decolorization,deodorization,and purification,and is significantly utilized in extracting precious metals like gold with activated carbon and purifying and decolorizing pharmaceutical intermediates.In gas phase adsorption,its role in flue gas purification and volatile organic compound treatment showcases its technical application prowess and vast development potential.The current application of coal-based activated carbon in catalysis highlights its intrinsic catalytic function in various reactions including oxidation,reduction,halogenation,dehydrogenation,cracking,isomerization,among others.It also serves as a catalyst carrier and can form complex catalysts by coupling with other substances loaded on it to achieve a synergistic catalytic effect.Future research should focus on the production of varied types of coal-based activated carbon as per application requirements,substitutability studies of high-quality raw coal,development of novel binders for columnar activated carbon,exploration of activated carbon modification new type technologies,and the establishment of a standardized system for the activated carbon industry.As a significant subdivision of new materials and carbon materials,coal-based activated carbon is poised to play a crucial role in the sustainable development of our national economy.