罗尔斯“政治转向”新解--基于马克思意识形态分析的视角

The Ideological Analysis of Rawls's “Political Turn”

罗尔斯“政治转向”的初衷是为解决内在于《正义论》稳定性论证的一个问题,但它似乎带来了更多问题,这些问题包括重叠共识的可能性难题和政治合法性标准的设定难题。对罗尔斯“政治转向”的已有解读忽视了罗尔斯“政治转向”和西方社会新自由主义转向的深层次关联,无法对以上难题提供解答。借重马克思对资本主义社会的意识形态分析,可以洞察到:重叠共识之所以可能,是因为政治价值和生活观念都受到资本主义生产方式形塑;自由主义政治合法性原则在经济分配方面要求并且只要求社会最低受惠额,是新自由主义转向后西方社会公共政治文化在政治理论上的表达。

Rawls'original intention of "political turn"is to solve a problem inherent in the stability argument of A Theory of Justice.However,it seems to have brought more problems,including the possibility of overlapping consensus and the setting of political legitimacy standard.The existing interpretation of Rawls'political turn ignores the deep-seated relationship between Rawls'political turn and the neoliberalism turn in Western society,and cannot provide an answer to the above problems.By drawing on Marx's ideological analysis of capitalist society,we can see that the overlapping consensus is possible because political values and life conceptions are shaped by the capitalist mode of production;The liberal principle of political legitimacy requires,and only requires,a social minimum in terms of economic distribution,which is the expression of the public political culture in western society after the neoliberalism turn in political theory.