风景园林应对气候变化的实践与气候积极性设计方法

Practice of landscape architecture in responding to climate change and design method of climate initiative

风景园林通过协调人与自然的关系,可以减缓和适应气候变化的负面影响。为构建风景园林应对气候变化的方法体系,提升风景园林应对气候变化能力,进一步发挥风景园林在减少碳排放、提升生物多样性、缓解极端高温天气、培育具有复原力的社区等功能。本文在梳理国内外风景园林应对气候变化的理念和实践基础上,归纳出当前存在的三点不足:对气候变化复杂性认知不足、应对气候变化的理论与实践结合不够、实施保障机制欠缺。研究系统阐述了风景园林气候积极性设计的概念、特点、流程和方法及实施机制等,并构建风景园林气候积极性设计方法和技术体系。结果表明,针对气候变化的复杂影响,风景园林气候积极性设计应采取多策略组合应对和多目标协同的方法,构建相应的价值取向和实施机制,通过多方案比选和优中选优,以取得最为理想的实施效果,更好地发挥风景园林功能,进而促进风景园林学科发展。

The adverse effects of global climate change on the production and life of human including extreme drought,sea level rise,and reduced biodiversity are increasingly receiving attention.Landscape architecture can mitigate and adapt to the negative impacts of climate change by coordinating the relationship between humans and nature.Constructing a method and system for landscape architecture in responding to climate change has important and practical significance for better utilizing the functions of landscape architecture and promoting the development of landscape architecture disciplines.Three shortcomings in existing practices including insufficient understanding of the complexity of climate change,a disconnect between theory and practice in addressing climate change,and a lack of guarantee mechanisms for implementation were summarized by reviewing the practices and related concepts of landscape architecture in response to climate change at home and abroad.This article tentatively proposed the design of climate initiative for landscape architecture to positively address the comprehensive driving factors of climate change.The design method and technical system of climate initiative should be constructed from the perspectives of definition,characteristics,processes,methods,and implementation mechanisms.It will provide reference for the practice of designing landscape architecture with climate initiative.