传统力量结合功能性训练对我国优秀帆船单人艇运动员身体形态和运动素质的影响

The Effect of Traditional Strength Combined with Functional Training on Body Shape and Sports Quality of Chinese Elite Dinghy Sailors

目的:探究传统力量结合功能性训练对我国优秀帆船单人艇运动员身体形态和运动素质的影响。方法:选取国家帆船队单人艇级别10名运动员(5男5女)进行8周传统力量结合功能性训练。运动员在训练前后进行身体形态和运动能力测试,身体形态测试包括体重、上臂围、大腿围、胸围、腰围、臀围;运动能力测试包括绝对力量、爆发力、肌肉耐力,以及有氧、无氧能力。采用配对样本T检验分析运动员训练前后身体形态和运动能力之间的差异。结果:经过8周训练,运动员体重、胸围、左右大腿围、臀围分别增加了1.9 kg、1.3 cm、1.5 cm、1.1 cm和1.8 cm(P<0.05);卧拉和仰卧腿推举的1RM分别增加了3.8 kg和22.3 kg(P<0.05);药球向后过头投掷距离增加了0.9 m(P<0.05);腹肌、背肌耐力分别增加了33.6 s和31.7 s(P<0.05);1 min内TRX反向划船次数和左右侧支撑的TRX弓箭步次数分别增加了3.8次/分钟、6.2次/分钟(P<0.05)和8.2次/分钟(P<0.01);2 km测功仪的完成时间减少22.3 s(P<0.05),30 s自行车的峰值功率和平均功率分别增加了136.0 W(P<0.05)和121.3 W(P<0.01)。结论:8周的传统力量结合功能性训练可以促进运动员身体围度增加,提升运动员的绝对力量、爆发力、肌肉耐力,以及有氧、无氧能力。

Objective:To explore the effect of traditional strength combined with functional training on body shape and sports quality of Chinese elite dinghy sailors.Methods:Ten dinghy sailors(5 male and 5 female)from the national team were selected for 8 weeks of traditional strength combined with functional training.The sailors completed body shape and athletic ability test before and after training.The body shape test included weight,upper arm circumference,thigh circumference,chest circumference,waist circumference and hip circumference.The athletic ability test included strength,power,muscular endurance and aerobic and anaerobic capacity.Paired sample T test was used to analyze the differences of body shape and athletic ability of sailors before and after training.Results:After training,the body weight,chest circumference,left and right thigh circumference,hip circumference of sailors increased by 1.9 kg,1.3 cm,1.5 cm,1.1 cm and 1.8 cm respectively(P<0.05).The 1RM of bench pull and supine leg press increased by 3.8 kg and 22.3 kg respectively(P<0.05).The distance of backward throwing medicine ball increased by 0.9 m(P<0.05).The abdominal muscle and back muscle endurance were increased by 33.6 s and 31.7 s respectively(P<0.05).The number of TRX reverse rowing and the number of TRX lunge in 1 min increased 3.8 times/min,6.2 times/min(left)(P<0.05)and 8.2 times/min(right)respectively(P<0.01).The completion time of the 2 km dynamometer was reduced by 22.3 s(P<0.05),and the peak power and average power of the 30 s cycle ergometer were increased by 136.0 W(P<0.05)and 121.3 W(P<0.01).Conclusion:8 weeks of traditional strength combined with functional training can increase body circumference,improve the strength,power,muscle endurance and aerobic and anaerobic capacity of elite dinghy sailors.