孟子仁政思想的政治哲学解读

A Political Philosophical Interpretation of Mencius'Thought of Benevolent Government

孟子是中国政治思想史上最早用道德的观点对国家治理做出系统阐述的思想家。在应该如何治理国家这一问题上,孟子倡导道义优先的价值理念,把实现“王道”或尧舜之治作为国家治理的目标,主张统治者“以不忍人之心,行不忍人之政”。性善论是孟子仁政思想的理论前提,以符合道德的方式治理国家,以符合道德的方式对待民众,是孟子仁政思想的精髓,体现了思想家对优良社会生活的追求。孟子仁政思想有着十分重要的理论价值,同时,由于社会历史环境与思维方式的原因,孟子仁政思想也存在着理论局限。

Mencius was the first person in the history of Chinese political thought to systematically elaborate on national governance from a moral perspective.On the issue of how to govern the country,Mencius advocated the value concept of moral priority,taking the realization of the"kingly way"or the rule of Yao and Shun as the goal of national governance.The theory of good nature is the theoretical premise of Mencius'benevolent government thought.Managing the country in a moral way and treating the people in a moral manner are the essence of Mencius'benevolent government thought,reflecting the thinker's pursuit of good social life.Mencius'thought of benevolent government has very important theoretical value.At the same time,due to the social and historical environment and mode of thinking,Mencius'thought of benevolent government also has theoretical limitations.