高效除草剂组合对铁路沿线恶性杂草防效

High-efficiency herbicide compositions for the control of malignant weeds along the railway

[目的]针对铁路沿线恶性杂草难以防除的问题,开发高效除草剂配方,提出科学的施药方案和方法,实现对铁路沿线恶性杂草的有效防除。[方法]通过茎叶喷雾试验,对比几种药剂组合对芦苇、茅草、爬藤等多年生杂草,杨树、榆树等乔木和杂灌的防除效果,筛选出针对铁路沿线恶性杂草的高效除草剂配方。[结果]25%环嗪酮SL 1125 g a.i./hm^(2)+62%三氯吡氧乙酸EC 1860 g a.i./hm^(2)+30%草甘膦异丙胺盐AS 1350 g a.i./hm^(2)对芦苇、茅草、爬藤、乔木和杂灌防除速效性好,在所试验的除草剂组合物中表现最佳,施药7 d各植被茎叶开始干枯,停止生长,施药14 d,杂草基本死亡,且当年无返青现象,株防效分别为97.31%、94.17%、99.90%、92.63%和100.00%,总防效为97.88%。剂量影响试验发现,25%环嗪酮SL 843.75 g a.i./hm^(2)+62%三氯吡氧乙酸EC 1395 g a.i./hm^(2)+30%草甘膦异丙胺盐AS1012.5ga.i./hm^(2)施药30d的株防效和总防效也满足防除要求。[结论]25%环嗪酮SL+62%三氯吡氧乙酸EC+30%草甘膦异丙胺盐AS除草剂组合物用量为(1125+1860+1350)g a.i./hm^(2),总防效可达到95%以上。采用“热带及亚热带地区1年2次,温带地区1年1次”的施药方法,在多地域试验结果表明,可以达到科学施药的目的,是目前针对铁路沿线恶性杂草防除的理想除草剂组合。

[Aims]In view of the problem that the malignant weeds along the railway were difficult to control,the efficient herbicide compositions was developed,and the scientific pesticide application schemes and methods were proposed,to realize the effective prevention of the malignant weeds along the railway.[Methods]Through the stem and leaf spray test,the control effect of several herbicide combinations were compared on perennial weeds such as reed,thatched grass,climbing vine,trees and shrubs such as poplar and elm.High-efficient herbicide combination for malignant weeds along the railway was selected.[Results]Hexazinone 25%SL 1125 g a.i./ha+triclopyr 62%EC 1860 g a.i./ha+glyphosate-isopropylammonium 30%AS 1350 g a.i./ha had the best quick control efficacy against reeds,thatch,vine climbing,trees and shrubs,and had the best performance among the herbicide compositions tested.On day 7 after treatment,the stems and leaves of each kind of weeds began to dry and stop growing.On day 14 after treatment,weeds were basically died,and no greening was achieved.The plant control efficacy to the weeds above was 97.31%,94.17%,99.90%,92.63%and 100.00%,and the total control efficacy was 97.88%.The dose effect test showed that the plant control efficacy and the total control efficacy of hexazinone 25%SL 843.75 g a.i./ha+triclopyr 62%EC 1395 g a.i./ha+glyphosate-isopropylammonium 30%AS 1012.5 g a.i./ha on day 30 after treatment also met requirements.[Conclusions]The combination of hexazinone 25%SL+triclopyr 62%EC+glyphosate-isopropylammonium 30%AS with the dosage of 1125+1860+1350 g a.i./ha,adopted“twice a year in tropical and subtropical areas,once a year in temperate areas”,in multiple regional tests,showed total control efficacy more than 95%.The high-efficiency herbicide can achieve the purpose of scientific application,and is the ideal herbicide schemes for malignant weed control along the railway.