犯罪构成中的程序依附性要素

Procedural Dependency Elements in the Composition of Crime

程序依附性要素作为一种特殊的犯罪构成要素,要求犯罪的成立必须介入特定的行政行为,并根据行为人的反应来判断是否需要定罪处罚。程序依附性要素常以行政命令性规定为表现形式,具有客观性、补救性和介入性的特征。对于该要素的体系定位,应结合不同罪状中的具体表述分别加以探究,不能一概而论。客观处罚条件说无法契合程序依附性要素的特殊性,不能合理解决该要素所面临的问题,应支持犯罪构成要件要素说。对于程序依附性要素的认定,应侧重考察该要素的规范目的是否实现。只要具体行政行为能够起到协助行为人认识到自身行为不法的实质作用,就可认为该程序性限制得到满足,若行为人拒不悔改且符合其他条件的,就可对其定罪处罚。

As a special element of crime,procedure dependency elements require that the establishment of the crime must be involved in specific administrative act.Whether a conviction or punishment is necessary is judged based on the reaction of the actor.Procedure dependency elements are often expressed in the form of administrative imperative provisions,and characterized by objectivity,remediation,and intervention.The systematic positioning of these elements should be explored separately in conjunction with specific expressions in different crimes,and should not be treated as the same.The objective punishment condition theory cannot accord with the particularity of procedural dependency elements,or reasonably solve the problems faced by this element.Therefore,the crime constitutive elements theory should be supported.As for the identification of procedural dependency elements,we should focus on the realization of the normative purpose of the elements.As long as a specific administrative act plays a substantial role in assisting the actor to realize his own wrongful act,the procedural restrictions can be considered satisfied.If the actor refuses to repent and meets other conditions,he can be convicted and punished.