襄阳市带状疱疹患者后遗神经痛发生情况及影响因素分析

Incidence and influencing factors of postherpetic neuralgia in patients with herpes zoster in Xiangyang City

目的探讨襄阳市带状疱疹后遗神经痛(PHN)的发生情况及影响因素。方法选择2021年1—12月在襄阳市3家三级医院住院治疗的带状疱疹患者作为研究对象,通过问卷调查收集患者的一般资料,采用描述分析方法对PHN的发生情况进行分析,并采用单、多因素对带状疱疹患者发生PHN的影响因素进行分析。结果本研究共纳入2175例带状疱疹患者,其中441例患者出现PHN,发生率为20.28%;其中轻度疼痛患者80例,占18.14%;中度疼痛患者288例,占65.31%;重度疼痛患者73例,占16.55%。多因素分析结果显示,年龄增长(OR=1.040)、累及三叉神经(OR=2.078)、CD4+/CD8+比值异常(OR=2.680)、皮损面积≥5%(OR=1.735)、皮损处继发细菌感染(OR=1.987)、发病至首诊时间≥5 d(OR=2.124)、合并糖尿病(OR=1.520)、有焦虑情绪(OR=3.819)、有睡眠障碍(OR=1.528)是带状疱疹患者发生PHN的危险因素。结论襄阳市带状疱疹患者的PHN发生率较高,年龄、累及三叉神经、CD4+/CD8+比值异常、皮损面积≥5%等是PHN发生的影响因素,带状疱疹患者需及时就医,采取规范化治疗,预防PHN的发生。

Objective To explore the incidence and influencing factors of postherpetic neuralgia(PHN)in Xiang-yang City.Methods Patients with herpes zoster who were hospitalized in three tertiary hospitals in Xiangyang City from January to December 2021 were selected as the subjects.General data of patients was collected through a questionnaire sur-vey.The occurrence of PHN was analyzed by descriptive analysis method,and the influencing factors of PHN in patients with herpes zoster were analyzed by univariate and multivariate analysis methods.Results A total of 2175 patients with herpes zoster were included in this study,of which 441 patients developed PHN,with an incidence rate of 20.28%.Among them,there were 80 patients with mild pain,accounting for 18.14%;288 patients with moderate pain,accounting for 65.31%;73 patients with severe pain,accounting for 16.55%.Multivariate analysis showed that ageing(OR=1.040),tri-geminal nerve involvement(OR=2.078),abnormal CD4+/CD8+ratio(OR=2.680),skin lesion area≥5%(OR=1.735),secondary bacterial infection in skin lesions(OR=1.987),time from onset to first diagnosis≥5 days(OR=2.124),diabetes(OR=1.520),anxiety(OR=3.819),and sleep disorders(OR=1.528)were risk factors for PHN in pa-tients with herpes zoster.Conclusions The incidence of PHN in patients with herpes zoster in Xiangyang City is relative-ly high.Age,trigeminal nerve involvement,abnormal CD4+/CD8+ratio,and skin lesion area≥5%are the factors affect-ing the occurrence of PHN.Patients with herpes zoster should seek medical attention in a timely manner,adopt standard-ized treatment,and prevent the occurrence of PHN.