航空航天领域轻合金缺陷修复研究现状及发展趋势

Research Status and Development Trend of Light Alloy Defect Repair in Aerospace Field

修复与再制造是经先进技术修复后使废旧产品质量达到甚至超过新品的操作。本文总结了熔化类修复方法(激光、电弧、电子束增材修复方法等)和基于搅拌摩擦的固相修复方法的研究进展。对比分析了各种修复方法的可修复缺陷形式、是否可连续送料、修复后样件强度及是否产生新缺陷等问题。以轴向送料的搅拌摩擦沉积技术及侧向送料的摩擦辊压增材制造技术为代表的可连续送料固相修复技术克服了金属构件在熔化类修复过程中易造成组织粗化,产生孔隙、裂纹的技术难题,是航空航天、轨道交通等领域的高强高韧铝合金、轻质镁合金等轻质合金构件修复领域的发展趋势。最后指出可连续送料固相修复技术的研究仍处于起步阶段,开展固相缺陷修复技术的理论研究、开展不同材料的缺陷修复工艺研究及工程化应用、加快相关修复装备的建立是未来亟需研究的重点工作。

Repair and remanufacturing is the process of using advanced technology to repair waste products to achieve or even exceed the quality of new products.This article summarizes the research progress of fusion repair methods(laser,arc,electron beam additive repair methods,etc.)and solid state repair methods based on friction stir.Comparative analysis was made on the repairable defect forms of various repair methods,whether continuous feeding is possible,the strength of the repaired sample,and whether new defects occur.The continuous feeding solid state repair technology,represented by the axial feeding additive friction stir deposition technology and the lateral feeding friction and rolling based additive manufacturing technology,overcomes the technical difficulties of metal components that are prone to cause tissue coarsening,pores,and cracks during the melting repair process.It is a development trend in the repair field of lightweight alloy components such as high-strength and high-strength aluminum alloys,lightweight magnesium alloys,and other lightweight alloy components in the fields of aerospace,rail transit,and other fields.Finally,it is pointed out that the research on continuous feeding solid phase repair technology is still in its infancy,and carrying out theoretical research on solid phase defect repair technology,conducting defect repair technology research and engineering application of different materials,and accelerating the establishment of relevant repair equipment are key tasks that need to be urgently studied in the future.