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私人物品还是公共物品?——中国托幼服务供给的历史逻辑和未来发展 被引量:2

Private or Public Goods?Historical Logic and Future Development of China's Childcare Service Supply
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摘要 托幼服务供给本质上取决于人们对儿童属性的看法。如果儿童被视为私人物品,那么托幼服务的成本将由家庭承担。反之,如果儿童被视为准公共物品,那么单位或国家将分担家庭的托幼服务成本。从供给主体情况来看,家庭托幼、社区托幼和民办机构托幼是基于儿童属于私人物品的理念。单位托幼和公办机构托幼则是基于儿童属于准公共物品的理念。在计划经济时期,为了让妇女更好地参与社会主义计划经济建设,托幼服务作为职工福利由单位/集体提供。20世纪80年代以后,托幼服务的市场化改革将托幼成本转给家庭,主要是为了让企业成为市场经济的竞争主体。随着我国生育率的持续下降,普惠性托幼服务改革成为鼓励生育政策的重要配套措施之一。 The provision of childcare services in China has been influenced by the perception of children as either private or quasi-public goods.When children are considered private goods,families bear the cost of childcare services.Conversely,when children are seen as quasi-public goods,employers or governments share the cost of childcare services with families.Historically,childcare services provided by families,communities,and private institutions have been based on the notion of children as private goods,while services offered by employers or public institutions reflect the perception of children as quasi-public goods.During the planned economy era,work units provided childcare services as employee benefits to promote women's participation in socialist construction.However,since the 1980s,market-oriented reforms have shifted the responsibility of childcare costs to families,aiming to enhance enterprises'competitiveness in the market economy.Given China's continuously declining fertility rate,inclusive childcare service reforms have become an important measure to encourage fertility.
作者 姚建平 Yao Jianping(North China Electric Power University,Beijing 102206,China)
出处 《社会保障评论》 CSSCI 2023年第3期96-105,共10页 Chinese Social Security Review
关键词 托幼服务 私人物品 公共物品 childcare service private goods public goods
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