白僵蚕化学成分及药用药效的中西医研究进展

Research Progress of Chemical Components and Medicinal Effects of Baijiangcan(Bombyx batryticatus)in Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine

白僵蚕,又称天虫,为蚕蛾科昆虫家蚕的幼虫感染白僵菌而僵死的干燥全虫,是我国一味传统的中药材,历史悠久且药用价值广泛。白僵蚕性平,味属辛咸,归肝、肺经二经,具有抗凝血、抗惊厥、降脂降糖、抗癌抑菌、镇静催眠等多种药理作用,能够祛风解痉、通络止痛、散结化痰。可使用单方或与其他药物配伍治疗头痛、卒中偏瘫、外感发热、咳嗽咽痒、哮喘、皮肤瘙痒、癫痫、直肠腺瘤等多种疾病。白僵蚕主要由白僵蚕蚕体及白僵菌两部分构成,并具有不同的化学成分,其中不同的化学成分能够发挥不同的药效作用,前期进行大量文献梳理,总结出白僵蚕的主要化学成分,为黄酮类化合物、白僵蚕素、多糖、氨基类,分别介绍不同化学成分的化学结构、白僵蚕的药用药效以及相关研究,以期能够为白僵蚕的药理学研究以及现代临床应用提供有力的理论依据。

Baijiangcan(Bombyx batryticatus),also known as Tianchong,is the dried whole worm of the silkworm larvae infec-ted with Baijiangcan(Bombyx batryticatus),which is a traditional Chinese medicine with a long history and wide medicinal value.Baijiangcan(Bombyx batryticatus)is mild in nature and tastes spicy and salty.It belongs to the liver and lung meridians.It has various pharmacological effects such as anticoagulation,anticonvulsant,lipid-lowering and hypoglycemic,anticancer and antibac-terial,sedative and hypnotic,and can dispel wind and spasms,unblock collaterals and relieve pain,disperse nodules and phlegm.It can be used alone or in combination with other drugs to treat headache,apoplectic hemiplegia,exogenous fever,cough,pharyn-geal itching,asthma,skin itching,epilepsy,rectal adenoma and other diseases.Baijiangcan(Bombyx batryticatus)is mainly com-posed of the body of Baijiangcan(Bombyx batryticatus),and has different chemical components,among which different chemical components can play different pharmacodynamic roles.In the early part of this paper,a large number of documents were sorted out,and the main chemical components of Baijiangcan(Bombyx batryticatus)were summarized,including flavonoids compounds,beauveria bassiana,polysaccharides and amino groups.This paper introduced the chemical structure of different chemical compo-nents,the medicinal efficacy of Baijiangcan(Bombyx batryticatus)and related research.It is expected to provide a strong theoret-ical basis for the pharmacological research and modern clinical application of Baijiangcan(Bombyx batryticatus).