等离子喷涂纳米粉体制备技术及涂层研究进展

Research progress on preparation technology and coating of nano-powder by plasma spraying

在现代工业中,等离子喷涂技术已成为提高机械零件表面耐磨、耐蚀性的重要方法。纳米粉体作为喷涂材料,能有效提高等离子喷涂涂层的耐磨、耐蚀、抗氧化等性能,在零部件表面防护应用方面具有研究价值,对于节能环保具有重要意义,已成为国内外表面改性领域的研究热点。基于此,在大量文献研究基础上,根据纳米粉体的制备方式,从固相法、液相法、气相法3方面分析总结了国内外关于纳米粉体再造粒技术的研究,阐述了纳米粉体喂料的制备方式,包括喷雾干燥法、机械研磨法、液相前驱体合成法,并重点分析了液相前驱体合成法的制备方式。从等离子喷涂纳米粉体的选择到涂层的制备,详细综述了纳米涂层在耐磨、耐蚀、热障及自润滑方面的应用成果,还归纳分析了等离子喷涂技术中工艺参数(喷涂功率、喷涂距离、喷枪移动速度、喷涂气体参数)对纳米涂层质量的影响规律。最后,探讨了当前等离子喷涂纳米粉体喂料制备中尚需解决的问题和不足,并展望了等离子喷涂纳米涂层的未来研究方向。

In modern industry,plasma spraying technology has become an important method to improve the wear resistance and corrosion resistance of the surface of mechanical parts.As a spraying material,the nano-powder can effectively improve the wear resistance,corrosion resistance,oxidation resistance and other aspects of plasma spraying coating,which has research value in the application of surface protection of parts and components.It is of great significance for the energy conservation and environmental protection,and has become a research hot spot in the field of surface modification at home and abroad.Based on this,on the basis of a large number of literature,the preparation method of nano powder from three aspects as solid phase method,liquid phase method and gas phase method is introduced,research on the regranulation technology of nano-powder at home and abroad is summarized,the preparation methods of nano-powder feed,including spray drying,mechanical grinding and liquid phase precursor synthesis are described,and the preparation method of liquid phase precursor synthesis method is focused on.From the selection of nano-powder for plasma spraying to the preparation of coating,the application results of nano-coating in wear resistance,corrosion resistance,thermal barrier and self-lubrication are reviewed in detail,furthermore,the influence of plasma spraying parameters(spraying power,spraying distance,moving speed of spray gun,spraying gas parameters) on quality of the nano-coating is inductively analyzed.Finally,the problems and shortcomings in the preparation of plasma sprayed nano-powder feed are discussed,and the future research direction of plasma sprayed nano-coating is prospected.