汽车制造企业装配工下背痛影响因素和人群归因危险度百分比研究

Influencing factors and population attributable risk percent of low back pain in automobile assemblers

目的分析汽车装配工下背痛影响因素和人群归因危险度百分比(PAR%)。方法采用判断抽样法,选择湖北省十堰市11家汽车制造企业634名装配工为研究对象,采用《肌肉骨骼疾患调查表》调查其过去1年下背痛患病情况,采用PAR%分析影响因素对研究对象下背痛的贡献。结果研究对象下背痛年患病率为68.8%。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,工龄>15年、高中或中等专科以上文化程度、几乎一直站立工作、几乎一直坐位工作、不良姿势累计时间占工作班时间比例≥1/8、空间高度不够被迫弯腰工作均是罹患下背痛的危险因素(P值均<0.05)。不良姿势累计时间占工作班时间比例≥1/8、几乎一直站立工作和空间高度不够被迫弯腰工作的PAR%分别为43.0%、37.8%和12.8%。结论汽车装配工下背痛年患病率较高,其影响因素包括个体因素和职业因素;不良姿势累计时间占工作班时间的比例≥1/8、几乎一直站立工作和空间高度不够被迫弯腰工作应作为该企业装配工降低下背痛患病率的优先干预因素。

Objective To investigate the influencing factors and population attributable risk percent(PAR%) of low back pain in automobile assemblers.Methods A total of 634 assemblers from 11 automobile manufacturers in Shiyan City,Hubei Province were chosen as research subjects using judgment sampling method.The prevalence of low back pain in the past one year was investigated using Musculoskeletal Disorders Questionnaire.PAR% was used to analyze the contribution of influencing factors to low back pain.Results The annual prevalence of low back pain was 68.8%.The results of multivariate logistics regression showed that length of service15 years,high school or secondary college education or above,standing most of the time,sitting most of the time,the proportion of cumulative time of poor posture in work shift time ≥1/8,and bending for insufficient height of working space were the risk factors for low back pain(all P<0.05).The PAR% of the proportion of cumulative time of poor posture in work shift time ≥1/8 was 43.0%,37.8% for standing most of the time,and 12.8% for bending for insufficient height of working space.Conclusion The annual prevalence of low back pain was higher in automobile assemblers.The influencing factors included individual factors and occupational factors.The proportion of cumulative time of poor posture in work shift time ≥1/8,standing most of the time and bending for insufficient height of working space should be taken as the priority intervention factors to reduce the prevalence of low back pain among assemblers in this enterprise.