工作场所空气中芳香族胺类化合物检测方法研究进展

Research progress on detection methods for aromatic amine compounds in workplace air

芳香族胺类化合物种类多、应用广、毒性高,常以气溶胶态和蒸气态形式共存于工作场所空气中。由芳香族胺类化合物导致的职业中毒事件时有发生。我国仅对11种芳香族胺类化合物制定了职业接触限值,其中仅对苯胺、N-甲基苯胺、N,N-二甲基苯胺和对硝基苯胺4种制定了配套的检测方法,大多数毒性高、危害大的芳香族胺类化合物尚未有明确的限值要求。目前检测工作场所空气中芳香族胺类化合物常用的采样介质有吸收液、滤膜、硅胶和聚苯乙烯二乙烯基苯树脂,常用的检测方法有气相色谱法、液相色谱法、荧光检测法和色谱-质谱联用法。但多是针对单一形态或个别芳香族胺类化合物的检测,有待研制一套采用新型复合型采样管采集工作场所空气中以气溶胶态和蒸气态形式共存的芳香族胺类化合物的检测方法。

Aromatic amine compounds are diverse,widely used,and highly toxic.They mainly exist in aerosol and vapor in workplace air.Occupational poisoning incidents caused by aromatic amine compounds occur from time to time.In China,occupational exposure limits have been established for only 11 aromatic amine compounds,with supporting detection methods developed only for four compounds:aniline,N-methylaniline,N,N-dimethylaniline,and p-nitroaniline.Most of the highly toxic and hazardous aromatic amine compounds do not have specific limit.Currently,regular sampling mediums for detecting aromatic amine compounds in the workplace air are absorbing solution,filter membrane,silica gel,and poly(styrenedivinylbenzene) resin.Regular detection methods are gas chromatography,liquid chromatography,fluorescence detection,and chromatography-mass spectrometry.However,these methods are mostly designed for detecting individual compounds or their specific forms,and there is a need to develop a detection method that can detect aromatic amine compounds existing in aerosol and vapor form simultaneously using a novel composite sampling tube.