进口竞争、对外技术引进与企业创新质量提升

Import Competition,Foreign Technology Introduction and Firm Innovation Quality Improvement

日益加剧的市场竞争和不断扩大的技术引进规模,不仅在数量层面影响企业创新水平,更在质量层面对企业创新产生了重要作用。文章基于中国工业企业科技活动数据库,实证检验了进口竞争如何通过对外技术引进影响企业创新质量。研究发现:第一,进口竞争水平的降低促进了企业对外技术引进,进而提高了企业创新质量,在经过一系列检验后该结论依然成立。第二,对于生产率较高的企业、民营企业、研发强度低的企业和人力资本水平较高的企业,在进口竞争水平下降后,更有动机通过引进技术提升创新质量。第三,以中国对外反倾销作为政策冲击,发现中国对外反倾销导致的进口竞争水平下降较好保护了国内企业实现技术引进以提升创新质量。第四,技术吸收能力更强的企业,在面对进口竞争带来的对外技术引进规模下降的同时,企业创新质量下降幅度更大;同时,出口企业能够通过增加出口额来缓解对外技术引进下降对创新质量的抑制作用。第五,知识溢出是进口竞争下降通过扩大对外技术引进提升企业创新质量的重要渠道,并且大规模企业对周边企业的“创新质量促进”呈现“辐射效应”,在长三角地区、珠三角地区和环渤海地区尤其明显。

Increasing intensified import competition and increasing scale of technology introduction,not only affect firm innovation at the quantitative level,but also have great influence on firm innovation quality.Based on Chinese Industrial Enterprises Scientific and Technological Activities Database,this paper empirically tests how import competition affects firm innovation quality through foreign technology introduction.The results show that,firstly,the reduction of import competition promotes firm foreign technology introduction,thus improves firm innovation quality.The conclusion still holds after a series of robustness tests.Secondly,high productivity firms,private firms,low R&D intensity firms and high human capital firms are more motivated to improve firm innovation quality through foreign technology introduction based on decreasing import competition.Thirdly,by taking China's foreign anti-dumping as a natural experiment,this paper shows that decreasing import competition caused by anti-dumping can better protect domestic firms to introduce foreign technology,thus improving firm innovation quality.Fourthly,firms with stronger technology absorption capacity may face the greater decline of firm innovation quality,because of decreasing foreign technology introduction caused by increasing import competition.Export firms can alleviate inhibition effect of decreasing foreign technology introduction on firm innovation quality by increasing export.Fifthly,knowledge spillover is an important channel that decreasing import competition can improve firm innovation quality through foreign technology introduction.Moreover,large scale firms have a radiation effect on surrounding firms'innovation quality improvement.The effect is more obvious in the Yangtze River Delta region,Pearl River Delta region and Bohai Rim region.This paper provides a novel perspective for studying import competition and firm innovation.And it provides a theoretical basis and policy suggestion for fully building a domestic and international cycle pattern,promoting firm innovation quality,and realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation with"Chinese modernization".