基于物质剥夺视角的森林依赖对相对贫困的影响研究--来自东北国有林区1350个职工家庭的经验证据

Impact of Forest Dependence on Relative Poverty from the Perspective of Material Deprivation——Empirical Evidence from 1350 Workers'Families in Northeast State Forest Regions

实现共同富裕,解决相对贫困问题是关键。森林资源丰裕地区往往因过度依赖森林资源而产生“资源诅咒”。文章基于东北国有林区1350个职工家庭的调查数据,首次构建森林依赖指数和物质剥夺指数体系,运用Logistic模型和Poisson模型实证检验森林依赖对职工家庭发生相对贫困和物质剥夺程度的影响,并进一步分析影响的代际差异。研究发现:(1)职工家庭的森林依赖程度、林业活动重要性和家庭资产对相对贫困发生以及物质剥夺程度均具有显著的影响,森林依赖程度、林业活动重要性和家庭资产每增加1单位,职工家庭发生相对贫困的概率分别上升225%、220%和下降5%,表明林业活动重要性是致贫的主要因素。(2)提高职工家庭人力资本水平、改善居住条件、提升家庭收入水平能够有效降低职工家庭陷入相对贫困以及物质剥夺维度增加的风险。(3)进一步分析显示,森林依赖对于新老两代职工家庭相对贫困的影响存在明显的代际差异。森林依赖对于老一代职工家庭发生相对贫困和物质剥夺程度的影响不显著,而对于新一代职工家庭均在1%的显著性水平上显著为正。两代系数相差1.26和0.03。据此得出政策启示:提高职工家庭在非林业部门的就业比例;改善职工家庭的生活及工作条件;加强对森林依赖程度高的新一代职工家庭拓展增收渠道的政策引导;建立识别相对贫困的动态监管体系。

To achieve common prosperity,to solve the problem of relative poverty is the key.The resource curse caused by excessive dependence on forest resources often exists in areas rich in forest resources.Based on 1350 survey data of workers'families in northeast state forest regions in China,this paper constructed forest dependence index and material deprivation index system,empirically tested the effects of forest dependence on relative poverty and material deprivation in workers'families by using Logistic model and Poisson model,and further analyzed the intergenerational differences.The study found that:(1)The degree of forest dependence,importance of forestry activities and family assets of employee families had significant effects on the incidence of relative poverty and the degree of material deprivation.When the degree of forest dependence,importance of forestry activities and family assets increased by 1 unit,the probability of relative poverty of employee families increased by 225%,220%and-5%,respectively.It showed that the importance of forestry activities was the main factor leading to poverty.(2)Improving the level of human capital,living conditions and raising the level of family income could effectively reduce the risk of relative poverty and material deprivation of workers'families.(3)Further analysis showed that there was an obvious intergenerational difference in the impact of forest dependence on the relative poverty of the new and old generations of employee families.The effect of forest dependence on relative poverty and material deprivation of the older generation of workers'families was not significant,but for the new generation of workers'families was significantly positive at the significance level of 1%.The coefficient difference between the two generations was 1.26 and 0.03.Therefore,the policy enlightenments were drawn:To increase the proportion of workers'families employed in the non-forestry section.To improve the living and working conditions of workers'families.To strengthen the policy guidance for the new generation of workers'families with high dependence on forests to expand their income sources.To establish a dynamic monitoring system to identify relative poverty.