二语习得内隐学习的前沿研究与展望

Frontiers and New Trends of Research on Implicit Learning in Second Language Acquisition

二语习得内隐学习最新研究主要基于自然语言和半人工语言,在内隐/外显学习与内隐/外显知识发展之间的关系及其影响因素方面取得了新的进展。然而,以往研究缺少对学习效应的动态跟踪,缺乏对意识状态的有效检测,未能充分考虑内隐学习的影响因素。因此,未来研究可从以下方面入手:1)考察学习者在更长时间跨度内的内隐学习,并通过不同时间跨度的延迟后测,对内隐知识发展变化进行动态跟踪,再结合接受性和产出性任务考察内隐知识的强度;2)组合运用同步和非同步的意识测量方法对学习和测试阶段的意识状态进行检测;3)进一步考察输入方式、输入频率和目的语结构差异对二语内隐学习的影响;4)将学习者个体差异因素纳入研究设计,从而获得对二语内隐学习全面准确的认识。

Recent research on implicit learning(IL hereafter)in second language acquisition is mainly based on natural and semi-artificial languages,and new advancements have been made regarding the relationship between implicit/explicit learning and the development of implicit/explicit knowledge,as well as factors affecting second language IL.Nevertheless,previous research lacks dynamic tracking of learning effects and effective measurement of conscious status,and fails to take the influencing factors in IL into full consideration.It is,therefore,suggested that future research should examine learners'IL within a longer time span,using delayed post-tests at differing intervals to gauge the development of implicit knowledge over time,and combine receptive and productive tasks to measure the implicit knowledge acquired.Furthermore,future studies are recommended to assess the conscious status in both the learning and test phases by combining concurrent and nonconcurrent measures of awareness,probe further into the effects of input modality,input frequency and target language structures on IL,and take learners'individual differences into due consideration in research design,so as to gain a complete and accurate understanding of second language IL.