论大数据时代文本与数据挖掘的著作权限制

Copyright Restrictions of Text and Data Mining in the Era of Big Data

在我国重视数据发展与应用的时代背景下,文本与数据挖掘技术的应用具有重要的经济和社会价值。这一技术的应用过程往往会涉及版权作品的使用,我国现行《著作权法》对此种使用的法律属性未予明确,阻碍该技术应用价值的实现,亟需在《著作权法》体系下探索文本与数据挖掘著作权限制的纳入径路,平衡著作权人、技术应用者和社会公众三者的利益,适应数据发展的产业需要。在可选的著作权限制模式中,合理使用是文本与数据挖掘著作权限制的最佳模式。合理使用的解释论路径,即适当扩大解释“适当引用”条款使其容纳文本与数据挖掘,于新法实施不久的现实情境下更具可操作性,而立法论路径在未来法律法规修改时可予以考虑。

Against the backdrop of China’s priority over data development and application,the application of text and data mining(TDM)is important in terms of economic and social value,which often involves the use of copyrighted works.The current Copyright Law in our country does not clarify the legal nature of such behaviors,hindering the realization of the application value of TDM.It is urgent to explore the way to put the copyright restriction rule of TDM within the system of Copyright Law.Thus,the interests of copyright owners,technical users and the public can be balanced so as to meet the needs of data industry development.Among the optional copyright restriction modes,fair use is the best mode for TDM.The interpretive approach of fair use,or appropriately expanding the interpretation of the"appropriate citation"clause to accommodate certain TDM behaviors,is more practicable in the situation where the new law is implemented soon,while the legislative approach can be used in revisions of laws and regulations in the future.