街头官僚与韧性城市建设——群众工作的视角

Street Bureaucrats and Resilient City Building:The Perspective of Mass Work

物理韧性相同、可用公共资源相似的城市社区,在应对突发事件中出现政策执行和社会治理效果上的明显差异,这是因为城市韧性不只是基建生态层面的物理韧性,还体现为政府统合下的政治社会治理韧性。街头官僚是地方政府与社会大众之间的韧性治理纽带,其联系服务和组织动员群众的能力,决定了城市整体应对突发事件的韧性效果。街头官僚直面群众、为群众服务的工作属性,为其发掘、组织社会应急资源,正面强化社会治理韧性带来优势。然而,当前基层群众工作也存在少数化、形式化、外包化等问题,减少和降低了基层工作者联系服务群众的机会和能力。而城市基层治理的科层化、技术化和专业化,或推动公共服务变成没有温度的产品,个体与国家之间的政治联系逐渐弱化,街头官僚存在脱嵌社会的风险。政府应注重街头官僚的群众工作能力建设,发挥群众工作的时空弥散性优势,依靠人民群众建设人民城市。

Why do urban communities with the same physical resilience and similar public resources have significant differences in policy implementation and social governance effectiveness in responding to emergencies?According to the study,urban resilience is not only the physical resilience of infrastructure and ecology,but also the political and social governance resilience under the integration of government.Street bureaucrats are the resilient governance link between local governments and the public as their ability to connect,serve,organize and mobilize the people determines the resilience of the city to cope with emergencies.The working attribute of facing and serving the masses brings advantages for them to explore and organize social emergency resources and positively strengthen the resilience of social governance.However,there have been the problems in primary-level mass work like the minority,formalization,outsourcing,greatly reducing the opportunity and ability of primary-level workers to contact and serve the masses.The hierarchical,technical and professional nature of urban primary-level governance has promoted the transformation of public services into products without temperature,weakening step by step the political connections between individuals and the state,and posing a risk that street bureaucrats become detached from society.The government,therefore,should pay attention to the mass work capacity building of street bureaucrats,leverage the advantages of the spatiotemporal dispersion of mass work,strengthen the resilience of urban governance,and rely on the people to defend their cities.