历史社会学视野下近代西欧领土型国家的兴起

The Rise of Territorial States in Modern Western Europe from thePerspective of Historical Sociology

在近代欧洲,主权观念的诞生伴随着国家建构的空间转向,从物理空间、法理空间到表象空间,领土型国家是在内外两个维度上构建的,在此过程中不仅要处理同帝国、教会、领主与其他主权间的关系,还要借助地理性的权力机制将国土空间及其秩序安排予以定型。对于这种国家空间化和主权领土化的现象,传统学界通常将其归因于自上而下的结构转型。然而,无论是物质意义上的边界封闭,还是法理层面的权利论证,都是经由一系列的实践和经验总结而成。以近代法国为案例,领土性国家的诞生体现在边界划定、国土整合、空间治理与文化表象等各个方面,而梳理这些微观层面的现象和传统,对于理解近代的地缘政治文化,反思当下全球的领土性议题具有重要的参考意义。

Modern Europe witnessed the birth of the concept of sovereignty accompanied by the spatial shift of state-building;in terms of physical space,legal space and image space,territorial state was built in both internal and external dimensions duringwhichtime the relationship with the empire,church,lords and other sovereignpowers should be addressed,followed by taking advantage of the geographical power mechanism to shape the land space and its order.For such kind of national spatialization and territorial sovereignty,traditional scholars usually attribute it to a top-down structural transformation.This article argues that both the material sense of boundary closure and the legal level of right argument are summarized through a series of practices and experiences.Taking modern France as an example,the birth of a territorial state is reflected in various aspects such as boundary delineation,territorial integration,spatial governance,and cultural representation.It has reference significance for understanding modern geopolitical culture and reflecting on current global territorial issues when we sort out these phenomena and traditions at the micro level.