纳米改性水泥基材料功能化研究进展

Research Progress on Functionalized Nano⁃modified Cement⁃based Materials

传统水泥基材料功能单一,无法满足现代社会快速发展的物质文明与复杂工程需求。现代建筑的智能化进程对水泥基材料的发展提出了新挑战,除了满足高强度、高耐久性等基本要求,还需要其具有多样化的附加性能(如保温、耐火、自清洁、电磁屏蔽以及离子固化等),以推动现代建筑的多功能化发展,实现建筑的智慧化转型,布局智慧城市建设。此外,为响应国家新材料新能源发展战略的要求,建筑的节能环保效应成为了水泥基材料发展与应用的又一重大难题。因此,越来越多的研究致力于纳米改性水泥基材料的多功能化发展,旨在为现代水泥基材料的绿色转型及建筑的智慧化转型提供应用基础。本文从纳米SiO_(2)、纳米TiO_(2)、碳纳米管(CNT)及氧化石墨烯(GO)等纳米材料对水泥基材料的功能化改性入手,比较与分析了不同纳米材料的特性、掺入方式及掺量等因素对水泥基材料功能化改性性能的影响;从材料层面分析了不同改性方式对水泥基材料功能化的主要影响机理。最后,本文以“纳米改性-功能化”对应关系的建立为前提,提出了纳米改性水泥基材料多功能协同发展的概念,为现代建筑绿色可持续发展提供依据并提出了展望。

Traditional cement⁃based materials cannot meet the requirements of complex civil engineering,as their functions are limited.Moreover,cement⁃based materials must evolve to meet the demands of intelligent buildings.Intelligent buildings not only need materials with high strength and excellent durability performance,but also require diversified features such as heat resistance,fire retardance,self⁃cleaning,electromagnetic interference shielding,and ion curing.Additionally,requirements of the national new materials and new energy development strategy make energy saving and emission reduction a key point in the development and application of new building materials.Intelligent building materials can promote the multi⁃functional development of modern architecture,realize the building intelligence,and further advance smart cities.Therefore,more and more research is devoted to the multifunctional development of nano⁃modified cementitious materials,which aims to provide an application basis for the green transformation of modern cementitious materials and the smart transformation of buildings.This review,proceeding from the functional modification of cement⁃based materials by typical nano⁃component materials(e.g.,nano⁃SiO_(2),nano⁃TiO_(2),carbon nanotube(CNT),and graphene oxide(GO)),describes the different effects of properties,incorporation methods,and contents of nanomaterials on cement⁃based materials.Additionally,the influence of different modification methods and various other factors on a building’s thermal insulation,self⁃cleaning,fire retardance,electromagnetic interference shielding,and ion curing functions are analyzed from the perspective of different nanomaterial additions.Based on“nanomodification⁃functionalization”dependence,this paper proposes the concept of coordinated development of multiple functionalized nano⁃modified cement⁃based materials and finally provides guidelines and prospects for customizability in sustainable development of intelligent buildings.