甘肃迭部野生西康扁桃种仁油理化性质及脂肪酸组成分析

Physicochemical Properties and Fatty Acid Compositions of Kernel Oil from Wild Shrub of Amygdalus tangutica in Diebu County,Gansu Province

为探究西康扁桃的利用价值,以甘肃迭部林区野生分布的西康扁桃种仁油为材料,测定了西康扁桃油的理化性质、脂肪酸组成及部分生物活性物质。结果表明:西康扁桃种仁油酸值1.30 mg KOH/g、碘值98.00 g I/100 g、皂化值189.10 mg KOH/g、过氧化值3.80 mmol/kg、水分及挥发物质量分数0.26%、不溶性杂质质量分数0.04%、相对密度0.9155、折光指数1.4710,主要理化指标符合生物柴油用木本油脂标准和食用植物油国家安全标准;西康扁桃种仁油含有棕榈酸、棕榈油酸、十七烷酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸、花生酸、花生-烯酸、芥酸10种脂肪酸,碳链长度在C16~C22之间。脂肪酸组成比较合理,其中饱和脂肪酸(SFA)质量分数(6.62%)低,以棕榈酸(4.68%)和硬脂酸(1.75%)为主,不饱和脂肪酸(USFA)质量分数(92.47%)高,以油酸(72.10%)和亚油酸(18.60%)为主,总不饱和脂肪酸(USFA)和总饱和脂肪酸(SFA)的比例接近14∶1。不饱和脂肪酸中单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)质量分数(72.88%)较高,多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)质量分数(19.59%)较低,两者比例约为3.7∶1;西康扁桃油富含角鲨烯、维生素E、多酚等生物活性物质,其中角鲨烯含量较高,为450.10 mg/kg,多酚含量15.50 mg/kg,维生素E含量359.90 mg/kg,以γ-生育酚为主,α-生育酚次之,其含量分别为331.80、28.10 mg/kg。

To study the utilization value of Amygdalus tangutica,the kernel oils of wild A.tangutica from Diebu forest area in Gansu was taken as the material,the physicochemical properties,fatty acid compositions and some bioactive substances were determined.The results indicated that the physicochemical properties of A.tangutica kernel oil were acid value 1.30 mg/g,iodine value 98.00 g/100 g,saponification value 189.10 mg/g,peroxide value 3.80 mmol/kg,moisture and mass fraction of volatile matter 0.26%,mass fraction of insoluble impurities 0.04%,relative density 0.9155,refractive index 1.4710,all of which met the national criterion of edible vegetable oil and the criterion of woody oil for biodiesel production;there were mainly 10 kinds of fatty acids in A.tangutica kernel oil,including palmitic acid,palmitoleic acid,heptadecanoic acid,stearic acid,oleic acid,linoleic acid,linolenic acid,eicosanoic acid,arachidonic acid and erucic acid,and their length of carbon chain was between C16~C22.The fatty acid compositions were more reasonable,among them,the mass fraction of saturated fatty acids(SFA)was low(6.62%)and mainly as palmitic acid(4.68%)and stearic acid(1.75%),while the mass fraction of unsaturated fatty acids(USFA)was high(92.47%)with oleic acid(72.10%)and linoleic acid(18.60%)as the main fatty acids,and the ratio of USFA/SFA was near 14:1.Meanwhile,among the USFA,the mass fraction of monounsaturated fatty acids(MUFA)was higher(72.88%),whereas the mass fraction of polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFA)was lower(19.59%),and their ratio was about 3.7:1;the kernel oil of A.tangutica was rich in bioactive substances,such as squalene,vitamin E,Polyphenol and so on.Among them,the content of squalene was high with 450.10 mg/kg,polyphenol content was 15.50 mg/kg,vitamin E content was 359.90 mg/kg,mainly composed ofγ-tocopherol,thenα-tocopherol,and their contents were 331.80 mg/kg and 28.10 mg/kg,respectively.