“中国性”的三种建构机制:在台马华诗人陈大为的中国想象

The Three Constructive Mechanisms of'Chineseness':the Imagination of China with Chen Dawei,a Chinese Malaysian Poet Based in Taiwan

作为一种跨国文学生产,在台马华文学身处多重边缘,其建构的“中国性”开拓出一个考察离散书写与文化认同的崭新视野。作为马华文学新生代创作群最重要的诗人之一,陈大为通过重构式想象、互文性想象、具身化想象三种想象机制,在诗歌中建构了独具特色的“中国性”,由此完成了自我主体的再造与文化身份的安置。重构式想象指的是以中国古代历史、神话传说为底本进行故事新编,对古典中国的文化表征“神州”进行“招魂”;互文性想象则呈现了陈大为透过对中国地理空间的文化想象,对中国内地诗歌文本展开的互文书写;具身化想象指诗人将中国文化具身化,以“文化身体”的感官知觉将理性、单一的历史叙事重新激活。此三种想象机制道出了陈大为对中国文化的渴慕与追索。与此同时,以差异政治为核心的“中国性”建构既揭示了陈大为进行中国想象的多元性,也突出了一种特殊的发声位置,由此折射出90年代以来马华作家针对中国文化的认同建制,促使我们反思“反离散”论述和进一步探索华文文学的自我超越之路。

As a transnational literary production,Chinese Malaysian literature,based in Taiwan,is placed on multiple margins,its construction of Chineseness having explored a new perspective from which to examine diasporic writing and cultural identity.As one of the most important poets in the new generation of creative writers in Chinese Malaysian literature,Chen Dawei constructs his unique Chineseness in his poetry by way of imaginations,reconstitutive,intertextual and embodied,thus completing the reformation of the subjectivity of self and the settlement of cultural identity.Reconstitutive imagination refers to the retelling of the stories based on the original versions of ancient Chinese historical or mythical texts,conjuring of the Shenzhou,the cultural representation of ancient China.Intertextual imagination represents Chen Dawei’s intertextual writing engaged with mainland Chinese poetic texts through cultural imagination of China’s geographical space.And embodied imagination refers to the embodiment of Chinese culture,reactivating the rational and single historical narrative with the sensibilities of the cultural body.The mechanisms of these three imaginations are an expression of his admiration and pursuit of Chinese culture and,at the same time,the construction of Chineseness based on politics of difference as the core not only reveals the multiplicity of Chen Dawei’s imagination of China but accentuates a special position of voicing,thus reflecting the mechanism of identification with Chinese culture on the part of Chinese Malaysian writers in the 1990s and helping us reflect on the theories against diaspora and ways of further exploring of how literatures written in Chinese can transcend itself.