基因得失与猴痘及其他正痘病毒的遗传变异研究进展

Research progress in gene gain and loss and genetic variationin of Monkeypox and other Orthopoxviruses

2022年,猴痘在全球多个国家流行和传播,并于当年7月被世卫组织宣布为“国际关注的突发公共卫生事件”,使得猴痘病毒及其他正痘病毒传染病在全球范围内引起了极大的关注与重视。包括猴痘病毒在内的正痘病毒属病毒是双链DNA病毒,在其进化过程中常会通过水平基因转移和基因重组的方式捕获新基因,通过基因缺失、移码突变、无义突变丢失基因。随着病毒基因的捕获和丢失,病毒不断变异,并逐渐进化为适应当前宿主环境的进化支。基于当前的研究进展,本文对正痘病毒进化过程中基因的捕获和丢失相关文献进行梳理,为研究正痘病毒的进化方式提供参考。

In 2022,Monkeypox spread and became an epidemic in multiple countries worldwide,and was declared a"public health emergency of international concern"by the World Health Organization in July of that year.Thus,great attention and concern have been paid to monkeypox virus and other orthopoxvirus infectious diseases globally.Orthopoxvirus members,including the monkeypox virus,are dsDNA viruses.During the evolution of orthopoxvirus,new genes are often acquired through horizontal gene transfer and genetic recombination;genes can also be lost through gene deletion,frameshift mutation,and nonsense mutation.With the capture and loss of genes,the virus continues to mutate and gradually evolve into a new clade better suited to the current host environment.This article provides a literature review of current research progress in the gain and loss of genes during the evolution of orthopoxvirus,to provide a reference for the study of orthopoxvirus evolution.