腺病毒载体疫苗的研究进展

Research progress in adenovirus vector vaccines

腺病毒载体从最初的基因治疗工具已发展为较成熟的疫苗载体。腺病毒载体疫苗在宿主体内可诱导强烈的体液和细胞免疫反应。基于腺病毒载体的埃博拉疫苗、新型冠状病毒疫苗等相继获批上市,还有数个腺病毒载体疫苗正处在临床试验阶段或研发阶段,这表明基于腺病毒载体的疫苗研制已成为当前极具吸引力和应用前景的疫苗种类和选择。本文简述了腺病毒的病原学特点,腺病毒作为疫苗载体的发展进程以及目前腺病毒载体疫苗的主要种类及现状,探讨了腺病毒载体疫苗的局限性及改进办法,旨在为腺病毒载体疫苗开发提供参考。

Adenovirus vectors have developed from initial gene therapy tools to more mature vaccine vectors.Adenovirus vector vaccinesinduce strong humoral and cellular immune responses in hosts.Ebola vaccines and SARS-CoV-2 vaccines based on adenovirus vectors have been approved for marketing.In addition,many adenovirus vector vaccines are currently in clinical trials or in research and development stages,thus indicating that the development of adenovirus vector based vaccines has become attractive and promising.Herein,the etiological characteristics of adenovirus,the development process of adenovirus as a vaccine carrier,and the main types and current status of adenovirus vector vaccines are briefly described.Limitations and possible methods for improving adenovirus vector vaccines are additionally discussed,to provide a reference for the development of adenovirus vector vaccines.